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2.\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0 \\xa0Sparkling wine in many forms: Cava, Cr\\xe9mant, sparkling ros\\xe9
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3.\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0 Albari\\xf1o/Alvarinho -- and the comparison between the Spanish and Portuguese versions
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4.\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0 Vinho Verde: Look for something beyond just the $8 bottle and you will be surprised at how much this region has to offer \\u2013 Quinta da Raza, Soahleiro, Quinta da Lixa
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5.\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0 Riesling \\u2013 off-dry, dry from Finger Lakes, Australia, Mosel, Rheingau, Alsace and Austria
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6.\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0 Sauvignon Blanc of all types -- from Marlborough, New Zealand, Loire Versions, Bordeaux Blanc
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7.\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0 Txakolina\\xa0
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8.\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0 Chablis or Unoaked Chardonnay (Especially Oregon Chardonnay, with- herbal and floral notes)
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9.\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0 Frappato from Sicily
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10.\\xa0 Chilled Beaujolais -- especially things like Fleurie, Chiroubles, and Regnie
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11.\\xa0 Vermentino- from Tuscany, Liguria, Piedmont, but especially Sardinia
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12.\\xa0 Cabernet Franc (just watch the weight and ABV! Loire is best!)
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Full show notes and all back episodes are on Patreon. Become a member today!
www.patreon.com/winefornormalpeople
_______________________________________________________________
\\xa0
Check out my exclusive sponsor, Wine Access. \\xa0They have an amazing selection -- once you get hooked on their wines, they will be your go-to! Make sure you join the Wine Access-Wine For Normal People wine club for wines I select delivered to you four times a year!\\xa0
\\xa0
To register for an AWESOME, LIVE WFNP class with Elizabeth or get a class gift certificate for the wine lover in your life go to:\\xa0www.winefornormalpeople.com/classes
\\xa0
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\\xb7\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0 A Good Year (2006)
\\xb7\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0 Wine Country (2019)
\\xb7\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0 Bottle Shock (2008)
\\xb7\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0 Somm (2012)
\\xb7\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0 A Year in Burgundy (2013)
\\xb7\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0 Sour Grapes (2016)
\\xb7\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0 Mondovino (2004)
\\xa0
Remember \\u2013 movies, like wine, are subjective. You don\\u2019t have to agree with us, but you do have to be respectful in your comments! You can always skip to the next movie if you don\\u2019t like what we\\u2019re saying. It\\u2019s just wine and it\\u2019s just a movie.
\\xa0
Here are some links that we discuss in the show:\\xa0
Smithsonian video on the Judgement of Paris from 2016
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\\xa0Somm:
Elite Wine Group Suspends Master Sommeliers
Six Master Sommeliers Can Be Terminated After Sexual Assault
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The Wine World\\u2019s Most Elite Circle Has a Sexual Harassment Problem
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Full show notes and all back episodes are on Patreon.\\xa0Become a member today!
www.patreon.com/winefornormalpeople
_______________________________________________________________
\\xa0
Check out my exclusive sponsor, Wine Access. \\xa0They have an amazing selection -- once you get hooked on their wines, they will be your go-to! Make sure you join the Wine Access-Wine For Normal People wine club for wines I select delivered to you four times a year!\\xa0
\\xa0
To register for an AWESOME, LIVE WFNP class with Elizabeth or get a class gift certificate for the wine lover in your life go to:\\xa0www.winefornormalpeople.com/classes
\\xa0
\\xa0
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In 2009, the AOC \\u201cC\\xf4tes de Bordeaux\\u201d went into effect. They must all use the logo below on the bottle to reinforce the association:\\xa0
\\xa0
This is the wine we were drinking...
I hope this opens your eyes to some new, fantastic, affordable Bordeaux wines! Take a listen and put this to use -- there is a lot of goodness to discover here (and it won\'t hurt your wallet)!\\xa0
\\xa0
\\xa0
Full show notes are on Patreon.\\xa0Become a member today!
www.patreon.com/winefornormalpeople
\\xa0
_______________________________________________________________
Wine Access \\xa0is my go-to source for the best selection of interesting, outstanding quality wines you can\\u2019t find locally. Make sure you join the Wine Access-Wine For Normal People wine club in time for the first quarter shipment (it\'s shaping up to be outstanding!).\\xa0 Get 10% your first order with my special URL.\\xa0
\\xa0
To register for an AWESOME, LIVE WFNP class with Elizabeth or get a class gift certificate for the wine lover in your life go to: www.winefornormalpeople.com/classes
Sources:
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A great show with a really smart and easy to understand guest -- important when it\'s such a complex topic!
\\xa0
Full show notes are on Patreon.\\xa0Become a member today!
www.patreon.com/winefornormalpeople
_______________________________________________________________
I love my exclusive sponsor,\\xa0Wine Access, my go-to source for the best selection of interesting, outstanding quality wines you can\\u2019t find locally. The holidays are almost upon us -- don\'t forget to stock up for your holiday feasts and get a Wine Access gift card for everyone in your life!\\xa0\\xa0Get 10% your first order with my special URL.\\xa0
\\xa0
To register for an AWESOME, LIVE WFNP class with Elizabeth or get a class gift certificate for the wine lover in your life go to: www.winefornormalpeople.com/classes
\\xa0
\\xa0
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Map: Sonoma County AVAs. Sonoma County Winegrowers\\xa0
Over the last 12 years we\\u2019ve done so much on Sonoma but I realized that we\\u2019ve never done a podcast outlining the areas of Sonoma to give form to this wine paradise that has 18 American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) and covers more than a million acres of land (405,000 ha) of which more than 60,000 acres are planted to grapes.
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Sonoma is still full of small, family-owned vineyards. It\\u2019s estimated that at least 85% of Sonoma County\\u2019s vineyards are family owned and operated and 80% of vineyards are less than 100 acres (40% are less than 20 acres). The Sonoma landscape incorporates coastal ranges, valleys, mountains, flats, benchlands, and innumerable soils and microclimates, including a multitude of producers with different styles and ideas of what to grow. \\xa0
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In this show, we try to compartmentalize the areas of Sonoma, to help you figure out the big areas and their specialties.
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Here are the show notes:
We start with generalities\\u2026
Moon Mountain AVA, Sonoma. Credit: Sonoma County Winegrowers\\xa0
Most of the show is spent detailing the valleys. Here is the quick and dirty on each area:
\\xa0
Sonoma Valley
Sonoma Valley AVA: Centers on the Sonoma Valley in the southeastern part of the county. It gets cool air from the San Pablo Bay in the south, and protection from the cool influence of the Pacific in the west from Sonoma Mountain. There are dozens of different soils from very fertile on the valley floor, to well-drained and poor on the hills and mountains
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Sonoma Valley has 4 AVAs within it: Moon Mountain, Sonoma Mountain, Bennett Valley, Carneros
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Bennett Valley AVA, Sonoma. Credit: Sonoma County Winegrowers\\xa0
Town to stay in if visiting the area: Sonoma
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** Sonoma Valley is a discrete part of the larger Sonoma County. When producers use a general AVA for grapes from a combined region, it\\u2019s Sonoma County.
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COASTAL APPELLATIONS (mainly Chardonnay and Pinot Noir areas)
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Sonoma Coast AVA: Goes from the San Pablo Bay to the border of Mendocino County in the north. This appellation is too large to have meaning \\u2013 it can be cold and rugged near the coast or warm and sheltered inland, producing very different styles of wine. The expectation is that the Pinot Noir and Chardonnay that have the \\u201cSonoma Coast\\u201d label are actually from coastal vineyards, but that\\u2019s not true. We tell the story of how this AVA got to be so muddled and then talk about the 3 AVAs that were set up to rectify the issue:
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Towns to stay in: Petaluma, Jenner, Bodega Bay
West Sonoma Coast AVA, \\xa0Sonoma. Credit: Sonoma County Winegrowers\\xa0
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RUSSIAN RIVER VALLEY AVA (Pinot Noir, but Rh\\xf4ne and Italian varietals are great too in certain regions)
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Russian River Valley AVA is known for Pinot Noir. The constant cooling fog from the Pacific Ocean, coming from the Petaluma Wind Gap creates big diurnal swings, so grapes have a long growing season to develop flavor in the western part of the AVA.
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The reality is that the Russian River Valley encompasses warm and cool areas. There are 5 Neighborhoods within Russian River Valley, which are used to discuss the cooler places that are more suited to Pinot Noir and Chardonnay (Laguna Ridge, Sebastapol Hills, parts of the Middle Reach) and those that are suited to warmer climate grapes like Rh\\xf4ne varieties, Zinfandel, and Italian varieties (parts of the Middle Reach, Santa Rosa Plains, Eastern Hills)
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Chalk Hill AVA is in the northeast part of Russian River Valley and has less marine influence and fog. It has rocky, chalk soils so they do grow Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc, but they also grow Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Merlot.
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Town to stay in: Santa Rosa, Healdsburg, or Windsor
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\\xa0_______________________________________
DRY CREEK VALLEY AVA (Zinfandel central)
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Dry Creek is the easiest valley to visit (2 roads, 5 stop signs!) and probably the easiest to understand. It is known for exceptional Zinfandel. It\\u2019s in northern Sonoma County, 20 miles/32 km east of the Pacific Ocean. The Coastal Range blocks a lot of the cooler air from flooding the Dry Creek, giving it hotter days and slimmer diurnal swings at night. The vineyards lie on hillsides, benchlands, and the valley floor at different elevations and on different soils \\u2013 from loam to clay to gravel. Zinfandel is 30% of plantings and is more elegant, and \\u201cold school\\u201d (especially from producers like Nalle or Peterson \\u2013 friends of the pod!). The flavors are less like black fruit and more like raspberry, pomegranate with acidity and moderate alcohol. Other varieties grown are: Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay very good Italian and Rhone Varieties, Bordeaux varieties grown too
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Rockpile (Dry-Creek Adjacent, great Zin!): On the northern part of Dry Creek Valley, at high elevations beyond the fog, the AVA is great for rich, dense reds \\u2013 Zin especially is famed (Bruliam does a great job and a friend of the show!)
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Town to stay in: Healdsburg or Windsor
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Dry Creek AVA, Sonoma. Credit: Sonoma County Winegrowers\\xa0\\xa0
\\xa0_______________________________________
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ALEXANDER VALLEY (known for Cabernet Sauvignon)
Alexander Valley AVA: In northeastern Sonoma County, north of Healdsburg, the Russian River flows through h the Alexander Valley. It gets some cool marine air from the Pacific Ocean, and wind can cool mornings and evenings. Daytime heat spikes will ripen the grapes, but the cool wind will preserve the acidity in the classic Cabernet Sauvignon, which is so coveted, that many Napa wineries grow Cab here for top cuvees.
\\xa0
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Pine Mountain \\u2013 Cloverdale Peak (Alexander Valley adjacent) AVA: This small area overlaps the northernmost portions of the Alexander Valley AVA. It is steep with high elevations and grows a number of grapes, including Cabernet Sauvignon.
Alexander Valley AVA, Sonoma. Credit: Sonoma County Winegrowers\\xa0\\xa0
\\xa0_______________________________________
Less visit-able places (yes, I know that\\u2019s not a word)\\u2026
\\xa0
Knights Valley AVA is right next to Mount St. Helena, and has well-drained soils, but very warm temperatures with no Pacific or San Pablo Bay influence. Elevation is the only cooling factor in this area that has volcanic and alluvial gravel and focuses on Cabernet Sauvignon (2/3 of plantings) and other Bordeaux varietals. Kendall Jackson owns most of Knights Valley.
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Northern Sonoma AVA: Too huge for any meaning \\u2013 most producers use Sonoma County AVA. It includes Chalk Hill, Knights Valley, Alexander Valley, Dry Creek Valley, Russian River Valley, and most of Green Valley.
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Fountaingrove AVA (2015) \\u2013 mostly growers, few wineries. Cabernet Sauvignon and Bordeaux varietals, some Rh\\xf4ne varietals \\u2013 Syrah, Viognier, Petite Sirah plus smatterings of everything. It\\u2019s too hot for Pinot and Chard except in a few key north-facing sites
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So much to explore! Sonoma is a place you can need get enough of, but hopefully this episode gives some form to exactly what you want to do when you finally make it out there!\\xa0
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Some of my favorite people mentioned: @sonomawineguy on Twitter and other Social Media, Nalle Winery, Crux Winery, Bruliam Winery, Keller Estate, Inman Family, Kieran Robinson Wines, Truchard Winery, (and I forgot to mention...Longboard Vineyards in Russian River!).
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Thanks to our sponsors:
\\xa0
I could not be happier to announce my partnership with Wine Access, once again. Wines Access is my go-to source for the best selection of interesting wines you can\\u2019t find locally. Every box you get from Wine Access is meticulous -- tasting notes with food and wine pairing, serving temperature suggestions, and perfectly stored wine. It\'s no wonder that Wine Access was rated the best wine club by New York Times Wirecutter and is the official partner and wine provider of The MICHELIN Guide. Check out my favorite wines on the page at www.wineaccess.com/normal, sign up for their daily emails, and join one of their wine clubs...AND get 10% your first order!
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If you think our podcast is worth the price of a bottle or two of wine a year, please consider virtually buying us some bottles by becoming a member of Patreon... you\'ll get even more great content, live interactions and classes!\\xa0
www.patreon.com/winefornormalpeople
\\xa0
To register for an AWESOME, LIVE WFNP class with Elizabeth go to:\\xa0www.winefornormalpeople.com/classes
\\xa0
Sources for this show:
\\xa0
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Thanks to our sponsors this week:
Wine Spies\\xa0uncovers incredible wines at unreal prices - on every type of wine in a variety of price points. It\\u2019s not a club and there\\u2019s no obligation to buy. Sign up for their daily email and buy what you want, when you want it. They have a build-a-case option, so you can mix and match wines while enjoying free shipping on every purchase. Visit www.winespies.com/normal you\\u2019ll get $20 credit to use on your first order! Check them out today!
\\xa0
If you think our podcast is worth the price of a bottle or two of wine a year, please become a member of Patreon... you\'ll get even more great content, live interactions and classes!\\xa0
www.patreon.com/winefornormalpeople
\\xa0
To register for an AWESOME, LIVE WFNP class with Elizabeth go to:\\xa0www.winefornormalpeople.com/classes
\\xa0
\\xa0
' -->Listed in: Arts
There are many parts of European and American cultures that have intermingled, some quite successfully, but the jury is still out on whether the vitis vinifera and the American vitis species have created something truly special and lasting. In this show, we break down European-American grapevine hybrids \\u2013 what they are, why they are more important to the conversation today, their history, how they are made and what some of the more popular and more successful grapes are. We wrap with a conversation of the challenges these grapes face and I give my view on what I think the role of hybrids will be in the future.\\xa0
Photo (c) Cornell College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
Here are the show notes:
What are hybrids?
For wine purposes, hybrids are grapes created by crossing two or more vitis species \\u2013 the European species of grapevine, Vitis vinifera, with any number of native North American grapes. The goal of hybrids is to select for specific, superior traits in each of the grapes to create something that will yield a great wine that will survive in challenging vineyard conditions. They were specifically created in the 1860s and 1870s to fight the phylloxera epidemic (vine killing root louse that nearly destroyed Europe\\u2019s vineyards). French researchers created more than 500 different plants in the 1860s and research continued in the early 1900s. In the end, the preferred solution was using American roots with Vitis vinifera grafts, but the hybrids were quite popular for a few decades.\\xa0
Photo (c) Cornell College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
Today, development of hybrids is still quite active at the University of Minnesota and at Cornell University in New York. Hybrdis are planted all over the US East Coast, Midwest, and the Southern part of the country as well.
Some common American Vitis species with which researchers have crossed Vitis vinifera are:\\xa0
Why are we talking about hybrids?
For a long time, I have resisted doing a show on hybrids. They are not very popular, they are not considered fine wine, and I personally don\\u2019t enjoy many of them (with big exceptions for the whites that make ice wine, in particular). But in recent years, these grapes have been making more of a mark in the US and the UK and with the rise of climate change, I think these grapes will have a bigger role to play. In addition, people want to make wine and they want to grow things successfully in many different climates. Often, they try to make wines out of Vitis vinifera and fail because of their climate, local diseases and pests, and a bad fit with the European species. I would rather see better wines made from unknown grapes, than people trying to make a product that won\\u2019t work.
The vine matter for hybrids has improved greatly and given their hardiness -- hybrids made from Vitis labrusca and Vitis riparia can grow anywhere - -and our growing problems with climate change, it is time to give these another look. Researchers trying to offset warming temperatures, new threats like wildfires, drought, and humidity will need to look at hybrids rather than more powerful fungicides and sprays whose financial and environmental costs are becoming untenable.\\xa0
The grapes...
Red Varieties
Chambourcin: Considered one of the best of French-American hybrids, it is a teinturier variety, a red with both dark skin and pulp. It is a dark colored, highly tannic red with dark raspberry, black plum, and cherry notes. It does well with oak aging and is sometimes made in an off-dry style. It is popular in: Ontario (Canada), Missouri, Pennsylvania, Michigan, North Carolina, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, New York and New Jersey.
Photo (c) Cornell College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
Mar\\xe9chal Foch:\\xa0Can be a nice spicy wine with a dark berry note and light body. It is grown in the US Midwest and widely in Canada.
Norton (Cynthiana):\\xa0\\xa0Can create wines that are full bodied, with red berry and spice notes, and strong tannin and acidity. It is grown in the Midwestern U.S., and Mid-Atlantic states, especially Virigina.\\xa0
Baco Noir: Created by Fran\\xe7ois Baco in France during the phylloxera epidemic, the wine from Baco noir can show cherry, herbal notes with high acidity, and lower tannin. You can find it in Canada, New York, Oregon, and Nova Scotia, as well as in Gascony, France to make Armagnac\\xa0
Chancellor:\\xa0\\xa0Is known to have a very dark color with prune, raisin, plum, dried fig, and baked apple notes. It has a medium body with medium acidity and some strong tannin. It can be used alone or in blends and is found in cooler regions of Canada and the U.S. (especially in the Finger Lakes) and Michigan.
Frontenac:\\xa0 Was released by the University of Minnesota in 1996. It is reportedly dark in color with cherry, perfumey, candied notes, high acidity and high alcohol. It can survive in temperatures as low as -30\\u02da F, and is found in Minnesota, and the northeastern part of the U.S. and all over Canada.
White Wine Varieties
Vidal Blanc: Potentially the top white hybrid, Vidal is a cross of Ugni Blanc and the hybrid variety, Rayon d\\u2019Or. It can be very acidic, and taste and smell like grapefruit, or be richer with pineapple and white flower notes. It is made in off-dry to dry styles, but the grape shines in ice wine in Ontario, Canada and the Finger Lakes, New York.\\xa0
Seyval Blanc: An acidic white grape with citrus, melon, peach, grass notes and a very light body, it often benefits from malolactic and/or barrel fermentation and barrel aging. It can be found in Canada, Englan, and in the US in the Finger Lakes and Midwest.
Chardonel: Is a cross of Seyval Blanc x Chardonnay created for its cold hardiness. It has potential as a base for sparkling wine or barrel aged, dry whites in the future. It is grown in Michigan and Arkansas in the US.\\xa0
Traminette:\\xa0 Is a cross: Gew\\xfcrztraminer x French-American hybrid, Joannes Seyve 23.416.\\xa0It shows flowers and spice from Gew\\xfcrztraminer and when allowed the proper amount of skin contact, it can be a refreshing white with good acidity. It is usually an off dry wine from the East Coast and Midwest of the US.
Vignoles:\\xa0\\xa0Is generally an off-dry wine or dessert wine (late harvest) due to its very high acidity, high sugar and susceptibility to botrytis, which can make some very interesting sweet wines. It is found in the Finger Lakes and other parts of eastern North America.\\xa0
We end with a discussion of the challenges for hybrids:
_______________________________________________________________
Thanks to our sponsors this week:
Wine Spies\\xa0uncovers incredible wines at unreal prices - on every type of wine in a variety of price points. It\\u2019s not a club and there\\u2019s no obligation to buy. Sign up for their daily email and buy what you want, when you want it. They have a build-a-case option, so you can mix and match wines while enjoying free shipping on every purchase. Visit www.winespies.com/normal you\\u2019ll get $20 credit to use on your first order! Check them out today!
\\xa0
If you think our podcast is worth the price of a bottle or two of wine a year, please become a member of Patreon... you\'ll get even more great content, live interactions and classes!\\xa0
www.patreon.com/winefornormalpeople
\\xa0
To register for an AWESOME, LIVE WFNP class with Elizabeth go to:\\xa0www.winefornormalpeople.com/classes
________________________________________________________
For more information/Sources:
Are Hybrid Grapes the Future of Wine?, Smithsonian Magazine
A Beginner\\u2019s Guide to Hybrid Grapes,Wine Enthusiast
The Future of Winemaking Is Hybrid, Wine Industry Advisor
French-American and Other Interspecific Varieties, Cornell University
Here come the Hybrids, The Grapevine Magazine
The Grape Growers Handbook, Ted Goldammer
The Rise and Not Quite Fall of Hybrid Grapes, Ithaca.com
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In this short podcast we bring back Ian Renwick, winemaker and former travel planner to answer one of the top questions I get from you: "I\'m going to France. What\'s the best way to explore the wine regions?"
\\xa0
The options are limited, but we tell you what you can do to get the most out of your trip!\\xa0
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3. M.C. Ice observed found there was more under the radar to discover, and liked what he found when he looked a little closer.\\xa0
4. As we\'ve observed before, the family stories of these Sonoma properties are interesting \\u2013\\xa0there seems to be more emphasis on farming and connection to the land, especially now that many smaller properties are getting sucked up by big hulking wineries. We saw strong pride\\xa0at every small winery we visited, especially at Mayo Family Vineyards, from whom you\'ll hear a clip near the end of the podcast.\\xa0
5. We discuss our crazy barrel tasting with Bill of ACORN (and promise more to come)
6 We wrap up with some key\\xa0travel tips, like: \\xa0keep the itinerary tight by planning well, consider renting an Air BnB, drink plenty of water, and make sure there is food in the car. We covered a bunch more too!
\\xa0
Hope you like this episode. And thanks to our sponsor:
\\xa0audible.com.
Get a FREE audiobook download at\\xa0www.audibletrial.com/winefornormalpeople. There are more than 100,000 titles to choose from, including some great wine books, for your iPhone, Android, Kindle or mp3 player.
\\xa0
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This is the first part of a two part conversation that you won\\u2019t want to miss. You may learn more about how Bordeaux really works from this conversation than from any book you can read, I know I did. In this installment, we talk about:
\\xa0
Stay tuned for next week\\u2019s episode when we discuss the 1855 Classification, it\\u2019s relevance today, and the nuts of bolt of how to make a wine as outstanding as Ch\\xe2teau Palmer.
Thanks to Jean-Louis! I look forward to hearing your thoughts on this conversation!\\xa0
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