After the Rebellion of 1857, nationalist movements cropped up across the country. The idea of a free India became prevalent during this time.
Indian National Congress (INC)
Inspired by AO Hume, Dadabhai Naoroji and Surendranath Banerjee founded INC in 1885
It was the first time an organisation recognised India as a country
The organisation initially did not have a well-formed ideology and was a debating society that met annually
The idea was to let Britishers rule India while obtaining some kind of rights for the Indian citizens
But it did not last long and the party was divided into two factions - Moderates and Extremists
Moderates and Extremists
Moderates were led by Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale who opposed the extremists led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai.
The extremists were forced out of INC and the Tilak was later arrested, which led to INC losing its credibility.
Aligarh University and the Muslim League
In 1875, under Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh was founded (renamed Aligarh Muslim University in 1920)
Bengal was divided into two in 1906 - East Bengal and West Bengal
The Muslim faction in the country did not feel INC is inclusive and they formed The Muslim League
The Revolutionaries
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919 was a turning point in the revolutionary movement
The work of the revolutionaries including Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki gained recognition
Both of them tried to assassinate British officials and were captured and executed
Jugantar was established in April 1906 by Aurobindo Ghosh, his brother Barin Ghosh, Bhupendranath Datta, Raja Subodh Mallik.
They collected and manufactured arms and explosives for revolutionary activities.
Ghadar Party and its movement to conduct a Pan-India rebellion in the British Indian Army.
All India Conference of Indian Christians was founded in 1914 with KT Paul as its first president
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Source:
Indian National Congress Wikipedia
Indian Independence Movement Wikipedia
Timeline of Indian History from 1857 to 1947
10 Events That Led to Indian Independence
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