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In 1941, far-right Ukrainian nationalists declared an independent state. They expected Hitler to support them, but their hopes barely lasted a week. They ended up fighting against the Poles, the Russians, the Germans, and fellow Ukrainians who disagreed with them. Dina Newman speaks to an OUN member.

Photo: a youth with his face painted with the colours of the flag of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) carries a portrait of Stepan Bandera, the founder of the UPA, during an ultra-nationalist march in Kiev on October 14, 2009. The UPA was a group of Ukrainian nationalist partisans who engaged in a series of guerrilla conflicts during WW2. Photo: Sergei Supinsky/AFP/Getty Images