Crack cocaine is the freebase form of cocaine that can be smoked. It may also be termed rock, work, hard, iron, cavvy, base, but is most commonly known as just crack; the Manual of Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment calls it the most addictive form of cocaine.[1] Crack rocks offer a short but intense high to smokers.[2] Crack first saw widespread use in primarily impoverished inner city neighborhoods in New York, Los Angeles, and Miami in late 1984 and 1985; the rapid increase in use and availability is referred to as the crack epidemic.[3] Crack cocaine is commonly used as a recreational drug. Effects of crack cocaine include euphoria,[4] supreme confidence,[5] loss of appetite,[4] insomnia,[4] alertness,[4] increased energy,[4] a craving for more cocaine,[5] and potential paranoia (ending after use).[4][6] Its initial effect is to release a large amount of dopamine,[7] a brain chemical inducing feelings of euphoria.[citation needed] The high usually lasts from 5â??10 minutes,[4][7] after which time dopamine levels in the brain plummet, leaving the user feeling depressed and low.[7] When (powder) cocaine is dissolved and injected, the absorption into the bloodstream is at least as rapid as the absorption of the drug which occurs when crack cocaine is smoked,[4] and similar euphoria may be experienced.