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SpaceX executive pitches Starship for space debris cleanup
Link: https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/10/27/spacex-executive-pitches-starship-for-space-debris-cleanup/

SpaceX could use its Starship vehicles to clear out space debris in Earth orbit, alongside the program\u2019s more publicized purpose of ferrying people and cargo to the moon and Mars, a company executive said.

The Starship is the upper stage of a giant new rocket SpaceX is developing to boost more than 100 metric tons, or more than 220,000 pounds, of payloads into low Earth orbit. With in-orbit refueling, the Starship\u2019s methane-fed engines could propel more than 100 metric tons of cargo to the moon, Mars, and other deep space destinations, according to SpaceX.

SpaceX is designing the Starship and its massive booster rocket \u2014 named the Super Heavy \u2014 to be fully reusable. Both vehicles will come back to Earth for vertical landings to be turned around for more missions.

\u201cNot only will it decrease the costs of access to space, it\u2019s the vehicle that would transport people from Earth to Mars,\u201d Shotwell said in an interview with Time\u2019s technology columnist Patrick Lucas Austin. \u201cBut it also has the capability of taking cargo and crew at the same time, and so it\u2019s quite possible that we could leverage Starship to go to some of these dead rocket bodies \u2014 other people\u2019s rocket\u2019s, of course \u2014 basically pick up some of this junk in outer space.\u201d


In the hunt for Planet Nine, astronomers eye a new search technique for the elusive world
Link: https://www.space.com/planet-nine-search-observing-technique

Finding Planet Nine may require looking at telescope images in a different light.

Astronomers are vetting a "shifting and stacking" technique that could aid the hunt for the putative world, which some researchers think lurks undiscovered in the far outer system, way beyond Pluto's orbit.

The strategy involves shifting space-telescope images along sets of possible orbital paths, then stacking the photos together to combine their light. The technique has already been used to discover some moons in our solar system, and it could potentially spot Planet Nine \u2014 also known as Planet X, Giant Planet Five or Planet Next \u2014 and other extremely farflung objects, researchers said.

Astronomers are vetting a "shifting and stacking" technique that could aid the hunt for the putative world, which some researchers think lurks undiscovered in the far outer system, way beyond Pluto's orbit.

The strategy involves shifting space-telescope images along sets of possible orbital paths, then stacking the photos together to combine their light. The technique has already been used to discover some moons in our solar system, and it could potentially spot Planet Nine \u2014 also known as Planet X, Giant Planet Five or Planet Next \u2014 and other extremely farflung objects, researchers said.

"You really can\u2019t see them without using this kind of method," Malena Rice, an astronomy Ph.D. student at Yale University in Connecticut, said in a statement. "If Planet Nine is out there, it\u2019s going to be incredibly dim."

In a test, the researchers found the faint signals of three known trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) \u2014 small bodies that circle the sun beyond Neptune's orbit \u2014 in shifted and stacked TESS images. The scientists then conducted a blind search of two distant patches of sky, turning up 17 new TNO candidates.

"If even one of these candidate objects is real, it would help us to understand the dynamics of the outer solar system and the likely properties of Planet Nine," Rice said. "It\u2019s compelling new information."


NASA\u2019s SOFIA Discovers Water on Sunlit Surface of Moon
Link: https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-sofia-discovers-water-on-sunlit-surface-of-moon/

NASA\u2019s Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) has confirmed, for the first time, water on the sunlit surface of the Moon. This discovery indicates that water may be distributed across the lunar surface, and not limited to cold, shadowed places.

\u201cWe had indications that H2O \u2013 the familiar water we know \u2013 might be present on the sunlit side of the Moon,\u201d said Paul Hertz, director of the Astrophysics Division in the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington. \u201cNow we know it is there. This discovery challenges our understanding of the lunar surface and raises intriguing questions about resources relevant for deep space exploration.\u201d

\u201cPrior to the SOFIA observations, we knew there was some kind of hydration,\u201d said Casey Honniball, the lead author who published the results from her graduate thesis work at the University of Hawaii at M\u0101noa in Honolulu. \u201cBut we didn\u2019t know how much, if any, was actually water molecules \u2013 like we drink every day \u2013 or something more like drain cleaner.\u201d

\u201cWithout a thick atmosphere, water on the sunlit lunar surface should just be lost to space,\u201d said Honniball, who is now a postdoctoral fellow at NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. \u201cYet somehow we\u2019re seeing it. Something is generating the water, and something must be trapping it there.\u201d

SOFIA\u2019s follow-up flights will look for water in additional sunlit locations and during different lunar phases to learn more about how the water is produced, stored, and moved across the Moon. The data will add to the work of future Moon missions, such as NASA\u2019s Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover (VIPER), to create the first water resource maps of the Moon for future human space exploration.

The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) is an 80/20 joint project of NASA and the German Aerospace Center (DLR)[1] to construct and maintain an airborne observatory.
SOFIA is based on a Boeing 747SP wide-body aircraft that has been modified to include a large door in the aft fuselage that can be opened in flight to allow a 2.5 m (8.2 ft) diameter reflecting telescope access to the sky


The Nearest Stars to Earth (Infographic)
Link: https://www.space.com/18964-the-nearest-stars-to-earth-infographic.html

The nearest stars to Earth are in the Alpha Centauri triple-star system, about 4.37 light-years away. One of these stars, Proxima Centauri, is slightly closer, at 4.24 light-years.

Of all the stars closer than 15 light-years, only two are spectral type G, similar to our sun: Alpha Centauri A and Tau Ceti. The majority are M-type red dwarf stars.

Only nine of the stars in this area are bright enough to be seen by the naked human eye from Earth. These brightest stars include Alpha Centauri A and B, Sirius A, Epsilon Eridani, Procyon, 61 Cygni A and B, Epsilon Indi A and Tau Ceti.

Sirius A is the brightest star in Earth\u2019s night sky, due to its intrinsic brightness and its proximity to us. Sirius B, a white dwarf star, is smaller than Earth but has a mass 98 percent that of our sun.

In late 2012, astronomers discovered that Tau Ceti may host five planets including one within the star\u2019s habitable zone. Tau Ceti is the nearest single G-type star like our sun (although the Alpha Centauri triple-star system also hosts a G-type star and is much closer).

The masses of Tau Ceti\u2019s planets range from between two and six times the mass of Earth.

53 Stars 16 Light years or less!


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