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NASA Confirms Newly Discovered Comet Is Likely Interstellar Visitor

Link: https://scitechdaily.com/nasa-newly-discovered-comet-is-likely-interstellar-visitor/

The object \u2013 designated C/2019 Q4 (Borisov) \u2013 was discovered on August 30, 2019, by Gennady Borisov at the MARGO observatory in Nauchnij, Crimea. The official confirmation that comet C/2019 Q4 is an interstellar comet has not yet been made, but if it is interstellar, it would be only the second such object detected. The first, \u2018Oumuamua, was observed and confirmed in October 2017.

The new comet, C/2019 Q4, is still inbound toward the Sun, but it will remain farther than the orbit of Mars and will approach no closer to Earth than about 190 million miles (300 million kilometers).

The comet is currently 260 million miles (420 million kilometers) from the Sun and will reach its closest point, or perihelion, on December 8, 2019, at a distance of about 190 million miles (300 million kilometers).

\u201cThe comet\u2019s current velocity is high, about 93,000 mph [150,000 kph], which is well above the typical velocities of objects orbiting the Sun at that distance,\u201d said Farnocchia. \u201cThe high velocity indicates not only that the object likely originated from outside our solar system, but also that it will leave and head back to interstellar space.\u201d

Observations completed by Karen Meech and her team at the University of Hawaii indicate the comet nucleus is somewhere between 1.2 and 10 miles (2 and 16 kilometers) in diameter. Astronomers will continue to collect observations to further characterize the comet\u2019s physical properties (size, rotation, etc.) and also continue to better identify its trajectory.

JPL on Oumuamua\u2019s Speed Up
Link: https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/our-solar-system-s-first-known-interstellar-object-gets-unexpected-speed-boost
Using observations from NASA\u2019s Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based observatories, an international team of scientists have confirmed \u2032Oumuamua (oh-MOO-ah-MOO-ah), the first known interstellar object to travel through our solar system, got an unexpected boost in speed and shift in trajectory as it passed through the inner solar system last year.
\u201cOur high-precision measurements of \u2032Oumuamua\u2019s position revealed that there was something affecting its motion other than the gravitational forces of the Sun and planets," said Marco Micheli of ESA\u2019s (European Space Agency) Space Situational Awareness Near-Earth Object Coordination Centre in Frascati, Italy, and lead author of a paper describing the team's findings.
Analyzing the trajectory of the interstellar visitor, co-author Davide Farnocchia of the Center for Near Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) at NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) found that the speed boost was consistent with the behavior of a comet.
\u201cThis additional subtle force on \u2032Oumuamua likely is caused by jets of gaseous material expelled from its surface,\u201d said Farnocchia. \u201cThis same kind of outgassing affects the motion of many comets in our solar system.\u201d
\u02bbOumuamua is a small object, estimated to be between 100 and 1,000 meters long, with its width and thickness both estimated to range between 35 and 167 meters (328\u20133,280 ft \xd7 115\u2013548 ft \xd7 115\u2013548 ft).[11] It has a dark red color, similar to objects in the outer Solar System. \u02bbOumuamua showed no signs of a comet coma (atmosphere) despite its close approach to the Sun, but underwent non-gravitational acceleration.[21][22] This effect is seen in many icy comets,[22][23] although other reasons have been suggested.[24][25][26] Nonetheless, the object could be a remnant of a disintegrated rogue comet (or exocomet), according to a NASA scientist.[27][28]

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