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b"Sety at Abydos (Part 3). The Osireion is an intriguing monument, one that attracts a huge amount of debate, discussion, and speculation. Its discovery was unexpected, its excavation was an enormous undertaking, and there are many uncertainties about its purpose, history, and overall significance. Still, with an extensive photographic record, some meticulous archaeological work, and a great deal of discussion, we can attempt to understand the Osireion. Who built the Osireion (and how old is it)? Why is it here, behind Sety\\u2019s great temple? What purpose does it serve? In this episode, we explore these questions, and try to understand the monument overall.\\nNOTE: Due to the complex nature of the Osireion\\u2019s history (ancient and modern), archaeology, and the difficulty of describing it, I will do a video lecture on YouTube in future. Check this post, or the website, for links when published.\\nFurther Information: The Osireion is surprisingly well documented, both in archival photography and modern analysis and discussion.\\nModern photos exploring the Osireion:\\n\\nFlickr: Soloegipto.\\n\\nFlickr: Archaeology Archive Project.\\n\\nArchaeology / Excavation Reports for The Osireion (free open access):\\n\\nCaulfeild, Temple of the Kings at Abydos, 1902: Internet Archive and Heidelberg University. Primarily focusses on main temple but brief discussion of work in western precinct that led to Murray\\u2019s excavations.\\n\\nMurray, The Osireion, 1904: Internet Archive, ETANA.org, and Academia.edu.\\n\\nEdouard Naville\\u2019s excavation reports (various journals) describing work at Abydos including the Osireion: JSTOR.org (requires free account).\\n\\nFrankfort, The Cenotaph of Sety I at Abydos, volume 1 and volume 2, 1933: Internet Archive. Includes complete summary of earlier excavations and fuller description of the monument (compared to Naville).\\n\\nJames Westerman website (with database of articles and photos): JamesWesterman.org.\\n\\nKeith Hamilton, \\u201cOsiris: A Layman\\u2019s Guide,\\u201d on Academia.edu.\\n\\nCharles Herzer, \\u201cStudy of the Osireion at Abydos,\\u201d at Isida Project.\\n\\nPhoto Collections of early excavations at Abydos/Osireion:\\n\\nDumbarton Oaks: Photo Exhibition Abydos 1910s\\u20141920s.\\n\\nEgypt Exploration Society Photo Archives (Flickr): Excavations 1911. Entrance passages and central hall.\\n\\nExcavations 1913. Central hall.\\n\\nExcavations 1925 (Part 1). Central hall and side chambers.\\n\\nExcavations 1925 (Part 2). Central hall clearance and work.\\n\\nIn this episode, I don\\u2019t discuss the mechanics of ancient stone working. That will come in future. But for now, you may be interested in archaeologists\\u2019 experiments to test ancient tools and the feasibility of carving hard stones (e.g., granite). Some good starter information can be found here:\\n\\nDenys Stocks, Experiments in Egyptian Archaeology: Stoneworking Technology in Ancient Egypt (2022 updated edition). Taylor and Francis Publications.\\n\\nYouTube: Ancient Egyptian Stoneworking with Denys Stocks (Sacred Geometry Decoded) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoOCcrgWkIA.\\n\\nYouTube: Reconstruction of Ancient Technologies (Scientists Against Myths) https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJXCRTftQoU_AXz0_uxwMQZCt2O9ULxLE.\\n\\nAdditional details and sources:\\n\\nDate: c.1300 BCE\\u20141292 BCE.\\n\\nMusic intro: Ihab Mahna.\\n\\nMusic interludes and outro: Luke Chaos.\\n\\nSistrum interludes: Tahya / Hathor Systrum.\\n\\nPeter Brand, Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh, out now from Lockwood Press.\\n\\n\\nLearn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices"