b'Before Barack Obama\\u2019s election in 2008, the relationship between white racial views and partisanship wasn\\u2019t as clear-cut as one might think. Yes, Republicans won the large majority of white voters who believed black disadvantage could be attributed to a lack of hard work or effort\\u2014a key measure in the \\u201cracial resentment scale\\u201d\\u2014but a substantial minority of white voters was part of the Democratic coalition as well.'