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b'We often say on this podcast that the American electorate is not polarized but the elites are, and that this polarization causes policy gridlock. But what if it\\u2019s the other way around? Is it possible that gridlock in government is actually causing polarization and a turn toward extremist candidates?\\n \\nThat\\u2019s the assertion of a paper called \\u201cFrom Gridlock to Polarization\\u201d by Barton Lee, the Chair of Political Economy and eDemocracy at ETH Zurich. Lee uses a large-scale online experiment to show how voters become more willing to vote for extremist candidates. It leads to some fascinating implications for how we should think about the consequences of ineffective government.'