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b'By the summer of 1945, it was clear that Japan was defeated. Historian Craig Symonds writes that Japan was \\u201cstripped of her conquests, bombed incessantly from the air by American B-29s, her imports cut to a trickle by American submarines, her navy destroyed, and her industries idle for lack of raw materials and oil. Her allies were gone, too\\u2026Japan was alone, starving, all but defenseless, a passive target, absorbing punishment and unable to strike back.\\u201d In addition, Allied leaders issued the Potsdam Declaration, which warned Japan of \\u201cprompt and utter destruction\\u201d if they did not surrender. Despite all this, Japan\\u2019s leaders vowed to fight to the death. In this episode, James and Scott discuss Allied efforts to persuade Japan to surrender, along with Operation Downfall, the planned invasion of the Japanese home islands.'