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b'In this episode, my guest is Robert Malenka, MD, PhD, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford School of Medicine who has made numerous seminal discoveries of how the brain changes (neuroplasticity) in response to learning and in response to rewarding and reinforcing experiences. We discuss the brain\\u2019s several reward systems involving dopamine and serotonin and how these motivate us to seek out specific behaviors and substances. We discuss how these reward systems are modified based on context and our memories, and how they can be hijacked toward maladaptive drug seeking in addiction. We also explore how reward systems influence social connections, oxytocin and empathy and how that applies to our understanding of autism spectrum disorders. This episode should be of interest to those interested in neuroplasticity, social bonding, addiction, autism, learning and motivation.\\nFor show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com.\\nUse Ask Huberman Lab, our new AI-powered platform, for a summary, clips, and insights from this episode.\\nThank you to our sponsors\\nAG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman\\nLMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman\\nWaking Up: https://wakingup.com/huberman\\nMomentous: https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman\\nTimestamps\\n(00:00:00) Dr. Robert Malenka\\n(00:02:53) Sponsors: LMNT & Waking Up\\n(00:05:21) Dopamine & Reward Circuitry\\n(00:11:31) Reward, Arousal, Memory & Dopamine\\xa0\\n(00:17:34) Context, Cues & Dopamine Modification\\n(00:25:38) Memory & Reward Scaling\\n(00:30:50) Dopamine, \\u201cAddictive Liability\\u201d & Route of Administration\\xa0\\n(00:39:25) Sponsor: AG1 (Athletic Greens)\\n(00:40:40) Drugs of Abuse & Brain Changes; Addiction & Individual Variability\\n(00:50:51) Reinforcement vs. Reward, Wanting vs. Liking\\n(00:57:500 Opioids, Psychostimulants & Dopamine\\n(01:04:51) Self-Doubt, Confidence & Career\\n(01:12:40) Autism Spectrum Disorder\\n(01:19:29) Pro-Social Interaction & Reward; Oxytocin, Serotonin & Dopamine\\n(01:30:30) Nucleus Accumbens & Behavior Probability\\n(01:38:28) Reward for Pro-Social Behavior\\n(01:43:13) Social Media & \\u201cAddictive Liability\\u201d; Gambling\\n(01:52:17) Pain, Social Behavior & Empathy\\n(02:02:19) Empathy Circuitry, Dopamine & Serotonin\\xa0\\n(02:10:07) Autism Spectrum Disorder & Social Interactions, Empathy\\n(02:17:23) MDMA, Serotonin & Dopamine; Addiction & Pro-Social Effects\\n(02:28:13) Autism Spectrum Disorder, Social Behavior, MDMA & Pharmacology\\n(02:37:18) Serotonin, MDMA & Psychedelics\\xa0\\n(02:40:16) Psychedelics: Research & Therapeutic Potential\\n(02:47:57) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter\\nTitle Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac\\nDisclaimer'