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ACEs questionnaire, PTSD, C-PTSD, PISD, RAD, and vicarious trauma; a little bit of knowledge of these terms can help you more accurately understand the people in your life who are hurting. In order to keep this under 30 minutes, I did not elaborate excessively on any of them. So much could be said about each term\'s history and research. This is an overview episode. If this episode intrigues you, and you want to study for yourself, I recommend that you start with the 2002 work by Dr. Felittle, referenced third in the list below. This episode is marked "explicit" for discussion of violent crimes.

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                                                                                             References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, April 13). About the CDC-Kaiser ACE Study |Violence Prevention|Injury Center|CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/acestudy/about.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fviolenceprevention%2Fchildabuseandneglect%2Facestudy%2Findex.html.

Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., \\u2026 Marks, J. S. (1998, July 21). Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0749379798000178.

Felitti, V. J. (2002). The Relation Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Health: Turning Gold into Lead. The Permanente journal. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6220625/.

Jenkins, S. R., & Baird, S. (2005, June 30). Secondary traumatic stress and vicarious trauma: A validational study. Wiley Online Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1023/A:1020193526843.

Louw, D. (2015). Scientific Electronic Library Online. SciELO. http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S0259-94222015000300022.

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2018, July 6). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20355967.

MM. Richters, F. R. V., B. Tizard, J. H., B. Tizard, J. R., Spitz, R. R., Goldfarb, W., Minde, K., \\u2026 A. Greig, D. H. (1994, January 1). Reactive attachment disorder-a theoretical model beyond attachment. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00787-006-0539-2.