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In this podcast, Dr. Thomas Hartung of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, talks about organoids and the cellular-based technologies.

Dr. Hartung has a storied career in research. He is actively involved in the work being done at the Environmental Health and Engineering, and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology departments at the world-renowned Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. His work is intimately connected to the creation of a major paradigm shift in toxicity testing with the goal of improving public health. His involvement with the 2007 NRC vision document known as, \\u201cToxicity Testing in the 21st Century \\u2013 a vision and a strategy\\u201d has played a key role in elevating the discourse.

Dr. Hartung discusses his intensive work in the areas of toxicity and animal testing, as well as genomics and metabolomics. He talks in detail about the \\u2018organ on a chip\\u2019 technology, a field that he states is permanently moving and progressing. He discusses the advancement of organoids (tiny, self-organized 3D tissue cultures created from stem cells), and the importance of toxicity testing.

The Johns Hopkins research doctor talks about tissue technology and cellular communication as he discusses nutrients, cell types, and the evolving research. Dr. Hartung explains that the \\u2018human on a chip\\u2019 technologies will change as more research is done. Organoids are currently being used to test compounds to study the toxicity, but modeling diseases is another avenue of study. One obvious outcome that would be beneficial if achieved would be the elimination of animal testing altogether.