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b'In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with Diane Dickel from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to talk about her work on ultraconserved enhancers and enhancer redundancy.\\nDiane Dickel and her co-workers study non-coding regions of the genome that harbor distant-acting transcriptional regulatory regions, called enhancers. Enhancers have been shown to be critical for normal embryonic development, implying evolutional conservation. Diane Dickel and her team try to identify and characterize enhancers at a genomic scale. Their efforts include the use of CRISPR/CAS9 to mutate enhancer sequences in order to understand sequence dependent functional relevance.\\nIn this episode we discuss the function of ultraconserved enhancers, what ultraconservation actually means, how enhancer redundancy works and how Diane Dickel dealt with a failed PhD project.\\n\\xa0\\nReferences\\n\\nDickel, D. E., Ypsilanti, A. R., Pla, R., Zhu, Y., Barozzi, I., Mannion, B. J., Khin, Y. S., Fukuda-Yuzawa, Y., Plajzer-Frick, I., Pickle, C. S., Lee, E. A., Harrington, A. N., Pham, Q. T., Garvin, T. H., Kato, M., Osterwalder, M., Akiyama, J. A., Afzal, V., Rubenstein, J. L. R., \\u2026 Visel, A. (2018). Ultraconserved Enhancers Are Required for Normal Development. Cell, 172(3), 491-499.e15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.017\\n\\n\\nGorkin, D. U., Barozzi, I., Zhao, Y., Zhang, Y., Huang, H., Lee, A. Y., Li, B., Chiou, J., Wildberg, A., Ding, B., Zhang, B., Wang, M., Strattan, J. S., Davidson, J. M., Qiu, Y., Afzal, V., Akiyama, J. A., Plajzer-Frick, I., Novak, C. S., \\u2026 Ren, B. (2020). An atlas of dynamic chromatin landscapes in mouse fetal development. Nature, 583(7818), 744\\u2013751. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2093-3\\n\\n\\nSnetkova, V., Ypsilanti, A. R., Akiyama, J. A., Mannion, B. J., Plajzer-Frick, I., Novak, C. S., Harrington, A. N., Pham, Q. T., Kato, M., Zhu, Y., Godoy, J., Meky, E., Hunter, R. D., Shi, M., Kvon, E. Z., Afzal, V., Tran, S., Rubenstein, J. L. R., Visel, A., \\u2026 Dickel, D. E. (2021). Ultraconserved enhancer function does not require perfect sequence conservation. Nature Genetics, 53(4), 521\\u2013528. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-021-00812-3\\n\\xa0\\n\\nRelated Episodes\\n\\nIdentification of Functional Elements in the Genome (Bing Ren)\\n\\n\\nEpigenetic Reprogramming During Mammalian Development (Wolf Reik)\\n\\n\\nUnraveling Mechanisms of Chromosome Formation (Job Dekker)\\n\\n\\xa0\\nContact\\n\\nActive Motif on Twitter\\n\\n\\nEpigenetics Podcast on Twitter\\n\\n\\nActive Motif on LinkedIn\\n\\n\\nActive Motif on Facebook\\n\\n\\nEmail: podcast@activemotif.com'