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Published: Feb. 5, 2021, 7:20 p.m.

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THE LIVING WORLD

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\\u2022  Triple crown of biology \\u2013 crafoord prize balzan prize and international prize in biology.

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\\u2022  Ernst Mayr \\u2013 Darwin of 20th century. One of the 1oo greatest scientists of all time.

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\\u2022  He pioneered the current accepted definition of a biological species.

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\\u2022  In plants indefinitive growth. Animals have deifinitive growth i.e. only up to a certain age.

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\\u2022  Photoperiod affects reproduction in seasonal breeders, both plants and animals.

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\\u2022  While metabolism is a defining feature of all living organisms without exception, isolated metabolic reactions in vitro are not living things but surely living reactions.

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\\u2022  Human being is the only organism who is aware of himself, i.e., has self-consciousness.

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\\u2022  Biology is the story of life on earth. Biology is the story of evolution of living organisms on earth. All living organisms \\u2013 present, past and future, are linked to one another by the sharing of the common genetic material, but to varying degrees.

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\\u2022  The number of species that are known and described range between 1.7-1.8 million. This refers to biodiversity or the number and types of organisms present on earth. We should remember here that as we explore new areas, and even old ones, new organisms are continuously being identified.

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\\u2022  External and internal structure, along with the structure of cell, development process and ecological information of organisms are essential and form the basis of modern taxonomic studies.

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\\u2022  Characterization, identification, classification and nomenclature are the processes that are basic to taxonomy.

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\\u2022  The earliest classifications were based on the \\u2018uses\\u2019 of various organisms.

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\\u2022  The word systematics is derived from the Latin word \\u2018systema\\u2019 which means systematic arrangement of organisms. Linnaeus used Systema Naturae as the title of his publication. The scope of systematics was later enlarged to include identification, nomenclature and classification. Systematics takes into account evolutionary relationships between organisms.

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\\u2022  Families are characterised on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Among plants for example, three different genera Solanum, Petunia and Datura are placed in the family Solanaceae

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\\u2022  Generally, order and other higher taxonomic categories are identified based on the aggregates of characters.

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\\u2022  The collection of actual specimens of plant and animal species is essential and is the prime source of taxonomic studies

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\\u2022  The herbarium sheets also carry a label providing information about date and place of collection, English, local and botanical names, family, collector\\u2019s name, etc. Herbaria also serve as quick referral systems in taxonomical studies.

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\\u2022  In botanical garden each plant is labelled indicating its botanical/scientific name and its family.

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\\u2022  Separate taxonomic keys are required for each taxonomic category such as family, genus and species for identification purposes. Keys are generally analytical in nature.

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\\u2022  Flora contains the actual account of habitat and distribution of plants of a given area. These provide the index to the plant species found in a particular area.

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\\u2022  Manuals are useful in providing information for identification of names of species found in an area

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\\u2022  Monographs contain information on any one taxon.

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