As someone who studied pretty extensively the correlation between trust and well-being I wonder how spiritual sojourners here may unpack penal substitutionary atonement. To me I believe the reason it is so popular is because each denomination (or non-denomination) of religion gets to sell us their jesus as a brand and how (our Jesus) keeps you from the father crumpling you up and throwing you into hell like a piece of trash. You better come back here because we’ve got the Jesus you need! PSA is Believing that God the father is so holy he can’t help but see you as totally depraved and Disgusting. In PSA they can dress it up however they want theologically but at the end of the day they unpack the one Trinitarian God as some bipolar loanshark needing his pound of flesh from his kid Jesus