Over the course of the Black Death, Christians across Europe carried out massacres, imposed exiles, and confiscated the goods of their Jewish neighbors, though the Pope tried to stop them.\xa0 It was the worst wave of massacres of the Jews in Europe before those of WWII.\xa0 But the context of the massacres is the hundreds of years before and after, of crimes just as horrific though not as concentrated.\xa0 We discuss that background, and focus on two examples: Erfurt and Strasbourg, both in 1349.