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The Second Vatican Council - a conference of senior Catholics that transformed the way Mass is given in Churches around the world - began on 11th October, 1962.\xa0\nThe incentive of Pope John XXIII, who had been elected in his late seventies partly under the presumption that he would not do anything particularly radical, the Council split opinion between the Church\u2019s traditionalists and modernists, spawning rancorous division which still echoes today.\nIn this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly revisit John\u2019s impromptu \u2018moonlight speech\u2019 in St Peter\u2019s Square; consider how the Vatican needed to make reparations to Jews after the horrors of the Holocaust; and explain why some British literary figures, including Agatha Christie and Iris Murdoch, signed an open letter asking the new Pope to reverse the Council\u2026\xa0\nFurther Reading:\n\u2022 \u2018Pope John XXIII opens Vatican II\u2019 (HISTORY, 2010): https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/pope-opens-vatican-ii\n\u2022 \u2018Statement by Scholars, Intellectuals, and Artists Living in England\u2019 (1971): https://web.archive.org/web/20161020002716/http:/www.institute-christ-king.org/uploads/main/pdf/england-statement.pdf\n\u2022 \u2018Pope John XXIII\u2019 (British Path\xe9, 1962): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SB3U3sFG61Q\nLove the show? Join\xa0\U0001f334CLUB RETROSPECTORS\xa0\U0001f334 to DITCH THE ADS and get an additional full-length episode every SUNDAY!\nPlus, get weekly bonus bits, unlock over 70 bits of extra content and support our independent podcast.\nJoin now via\xa0Apple Podcasts\xa0or\xa0Patreon.\xa0Thanks!\nWe'll be back tomorrow! Follow us wherever you get your podcasts:\xa0podfollow.com/Retrospectors\nThe Retrospectors are Olly Mann, Rebecca Messina & Arion McNicoll, with Matt Hill.\nTheme Music: Pass The Peas. Announcer: Bob Ravelli. Graphic Design: Terry Saunders. Edit Producer: Sophie King.\nCopyright: Rethink Audio / Olly Mann 2022.\n Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.\nLearn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices