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The public stocks in St Clement\u2019s Dane\u2019s parish (now Portugal Street in London\u2019s Strand) were finally dismantled on 4th August, 1826. They had originally been mandated in 1351, to subjugate labourers demanding higher wages.\xa0\nNot to be confused for pillories (which restrain both head and hands), stocks (which restrain only the feet) were used for lesser \u2018crimes\u2019, such as homosexuality, heresy, and drunkenness. The treatment of prisoners was essentially at the crowd\u2019s discretion: at the minor end of the scale, humiliation, but, if rocks or bricks were thrown, sometimes fatality.\xa0\nIn this episode, Arion, Rebeca and Olly uncover celebrities-in-the-stocks Cardinal Wolsey and Daniel Defoe; explain why this medieval punishment was never formally abolished in Britain; and reveal the ecclesiastical purpose of \u2018the finger stocks\u2019...\xa0\nFurther Reading:\n\u2022 \u2018Haydn's Dictionary of Dates Relating to All Ages and Nations\u2019 (E. Moxon and Company, 1866): https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Haydn_s_Dictionary_of_Dates_Relating_to/Aq9CAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=1826+stocks+removed+from+st+clement+danes&pg=PA690&printsec=frontcover\n\u2022 \u2018The use of public corporal punishment up to the 19th century - Methods of punishment\u2019 (BBC Bitesize): https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z938v9q/revision/3\n\u2022 \u2018What It Was Like to Be In the Stocks\u2019 (Weird History, 2022): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6sUhH3SYrU\n#London #Crime #Medieval #Victorian #Strange\nLove the show? Join\xa0\U0001f334CLUB RETROSPECTORS\xa0\U0001f334 to DITCH THE ADS and get an additional full-length episode every SUNDAY!\nPlus, get weekly bonus bits, unlock over 70 bits of extra content and support our independent podcast.\nJoin now via\xa0Apple Podcasts\xa0or\xa0Patreon.\xa0Thanks!\npodfollow.com/Retrospectors\n\xa0\nThe Retrospectors are Olly Mann, Rebecca Messina & Arion McNicoll, with Matt Hill.\nTheme Music: Pass The Peas. Announcer: Bob Ravelli. Graphic Design: Terry Saunders. Edit Producer: Sophie King.\nCopyright: Rethink Audio / Olly Mann 2023.\n Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.\nLearn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices