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b'It\\u2019s a great time of year to talk about conifers! Also their cousins: cycads, ginkgos, and others! Gymnosperms don\\u2019t get nearly as much love and attention as their flowering counterparts, the inescapable angiosperms, but they nonetheless have their own fascinating history going all the way back to some of the earliest forests on Earth. This episode, we\\u2019re joined once again by our favorite paleobotanist Dr. Aly Baumgartner to discuss what makes gymnosperms unique, what has made them so successful for hundreds of millions of years, and how these incredible plants have changed the world.\\nIn the news: fossil-finding robots, super-old DNA, ankylosaur clubs, and snake sex organs.\\nTime markers:Intro & Announcements: 00:00:00News: 00:06:45Main discussion, Part 1: 00:41:30Main discussion, Part 2: 01:38:30Patron question: 02:36:30\\nCheck out our blog for bonus info and pictures:http://commondescentpodcast.com/\\nJoin us on Patreon to support the podcast and enjoy bonus content! https://www.patreon.com/commondescentpodcast\\xa0\\nFollow this link for a 30-day free trial to Audible!www.audibletrial.com/CommonDescent\\nOr make a one-time donation via PayPal: https://tinyurl.com/4c68u4hp\\nFind merch at the Common Descent Store! http://zazzle.com/common_descent\\nJoin the Common Descent Discord server! https://discord.gg/CwPBxdh9Ev\\nFollow and Support us on:Twitter: https://twitter.com/CommonDescentPCFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/commondescentpodcastInstagram: @commondescentpodcast YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCePRXHEnZmTGum2r1l2mduwPodBean: https://commondescentpodcast.podbean.com/ iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-common-descent-podcast/id1207586509?mt=2\\nYou can email us at commondescentpodcast(at)gmail.comOr send us physical mail at:The Common Descent Podcast1735 W State of Franklin Rd. Ste 5 #165Johnson City, TN 37604\\nThe Intro and Outro music is \\u201cOn the Origin of Species\\u201d by Protodome. More music like this at http://ocremix.org.\\nMusical Interludes are "Professor Umlaut" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com). Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/'