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When choosing among options like becoming a leader, helping others, and becoming more spiritual, half of millennials\xa0say\xa0that their generation's first or second\xa0most important goal is being famous. When teenagers in the UK were asked what they'd like to do for their career, over half said they wanted to be a celebrity. And amongst kids polled in the US and UK, 3X more said they'd like to become a YouTube star than an astronaut.\xa0\n\nHow did fame, and modernity's\xa0particular flavor\xa0of fame, rise to such prominence? Has fame always been attractive, and how has its\xa0meaning changed over time?\n\nMy guest answers these questions in his book,\xa0The Frenzy\xa0of Renown: Fame and Its History. His name is Leo Braudy, and he's a professor\xa0of English literature, film history and criticism, and American culture\xa0at USC. Today on the show, Leo takes us on a wide-ranging tour through\xa0the history of fame, which he describes as an emotion, an ambition to be somebody, to be known, the shape of which changes depending on the audience to which people look in order to gain the desired attention. We begin, and Leo will explain why, with Alexander the Great, before turning to what fame meant for the Romans, whose audience was not just the public, but their posterity. We then turn to how Christianity changed the idea of fame to something based on private, inward virtue, where one's only true audience was God. We then dig into how the Renaissance gave birth to the idea of the artist, who, regardless of social class, could gain fame through his talent and creativity. We discuss how the rise of mass media created a new kind of ever more democratized fame, and a dynamic which would come to rest on a reciprocal\xa0relationship between the famous and their fans. Leo argues that fame in the 20th century became more about\xa0being\xa0rather than\xa0doing, a trend which has only accelerated in the age of social media. At the end of our conversation, Leo makes the case for a return to a positive, ennobling\xa0conception of fame, in which recognition must be earned and connected to actual greatness.