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In this week\u2019s episode, host Daniel Raimi talks with Lisa Rennels, a PhD candidate at the University of California, Berkeley, about a class of synthetic industrial chemicals used in air-conditioners, refrigerators, and other technologies: hydrofluorocarbons. Rennels discusses the proliferation of these chemicals in recent decades, the cost of hydrofluorocarbon emissions to society, the feedback loop between global warming and increased use of these chemicals for air-conditioning, and global efforts to reduce the emissions of hydrofluorocarbons.\n\nReferences and recommendations:\n\n\u201cThe social costs of hydrofluorocarbons and the benefits from their expedited phase-down\u201d by Tammy Tan, Lisa Rennels, and Bryan Parthum; https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01898-9\n\n\u201cComprehensive Evidence Implies a Higher Social Cost of CO\u2082\u201d by Kevin Rennert, Frank Errickson, Brian C. Prest, Lisa Rennels, Richard G. Newell, William Pizer, Cora Kingdon, Jordan Wingenroth, Roger Cooke, Bryan Parthum, David Smith, Kevin Cromar, Delavane Diaz, Frances C. Moore, Ulrich K. M\xfcller, Richard J. Plevin, Adrian E. Raftery, Hana \u0160ev\u010d\xedkov\xe1, Hannah Sheets, James Stock, Tammy Tan, Mark Watson, Tony E. Wong, and David Anthoff; https://www.rff.org/publications/journal-articles/comprehensive-evidence-implies-a-higher-social-cost-of-co2/\n\n\u201cThe Impossible Will Take a Little While: A Citizen\u2019s Guide to Hope in a Time of Fear\u201d by Paul Rogat Loeb; https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/paul-rogat-loeb/the-impossible-will-take-a-little-while/9780465038589\n\n\u201cNot the End of the World: How We Can Be the First Generation to Build a Sustainable Planet\u201d by Hannah Ritchie; https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/hannah-ritchie/not-the-end-of-the-world/9780316536752/\n\n\u201cAre we the last generation\u2014or the first sustainable one?\u201d TED Talk by Hannah Ritchie; https://www.ted.com/talks/hannah_ritchie_are_we_the_last_generation_or_the_first_sustainable_one\n\n\u201cThe High Sierra: A Love Story\u201d by Kim Stanley Robinson; https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/kim-stanley-robinson/the-high-sierra/9780316306812