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In this week\u2019s episode, host Kristin Hayes talks with Brian Flannery, a visiting fellow at Resources for the Future and an expert on international climate policy. Flannery describes how border carbon adjustments\u2014essentially taxes imposed on goods from countries with relatively less ambitious climate standards\u2014are gaining traction, with proposals circulating in the United States and the European Union. However, Flannery cautions that these policy tools will confront a number of challenges before they can be implemented, including backlash from countries that could be negatively affected and the need to abide by World Trade Organization rules.\n\nReferences and recommendations:\n\n\u201cPolicy Guidance for US GHG Tax Legislation and Regulation: Border Tax Adjustments for Products of Energy-Intensive, Trade-Exposed and Other Industries\u201d by Brian Flannery, Jennifer A. Hillman, Jan Mares, and Matthew C. Porterfield; https://www.rff.org/publications/reports/policy-guidance-us-ghg-tax-legislation-and-regulation/\n\n\u201cFramework Proposal for a US Upstream GHG Tax with WTO-Compliant Border Adjustments: 2020 Update\u201d by Brian Flannery, Jennifer A. Hillman, Jan Mares, and Matthew C. Porterfield; https://www.rff.org/publications/reports/framework-proposal-us-upstream-ghg-tax-wto-compliant-border-adjustments-2020-update/\n\n\u201cImplementing a Framework for Border Tax Adjustments in US Greenhouse Gas Tax Legislation and Regulations\u201d by Brian Flannery; https://www.resources.org/common-resources/implementing-framework-border-tax-adjustments-us-greenhouse-gas-tax-legislation-and-regulations/\n\nTranscript of an oral evidence session in the House of Lords for the inquiry into Ofgem and net zero, with Sir Dieter Helm; https://committees.parliament.uk/oralevidence/2601/pdf/