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N\u012bderlandes un Argent\u012bnas v\u0113le\u0161anu rezult\u0101ti liek dom\u0101t par lab\u0113j\u0101 populisma atgrie\u0161anos. Ukrainas t\u0101lbrauc\u0113ji gaida Polijas jauno vald\u012bbu. Vai katal\u0101\u0146u separ\u0101tistu amnestija nodro\u0161in\u0101s stabilit\u0101ti Sp\u0101nij\u0101? Aktualit\u0101tes v\u0113rt\u0113 Latvijas \u0100rpolitikas instit\u016bta direktors K\u0101rlis Bukovskis.\n\nLab\u0113jais populisms joproj\u0101m mod\u0113\n\nV\u0113l\u0113\u0161anu rezult\u0101ti div\u0101s valst\u012bs, div\u0101s plan\u0113tas puslod\u0113s p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101s ned\u0113\u013c\u0101s apliecin\u0101ju\u0161i lab\u0113j\u0101 populisma potenci\u0101lu \u0161\u012b br\u012b\u017ea pasaul\u0113. Runa ir par ekonomista un publicista Havjera Gerardo Mileja uzvaru Argent\u012bnas prezidenta v\u0113l\u0113\u0161anu otraj\u0101 k\u0101rt\u0101 un G\u0113rta Vildersa vad\u012bt\u0101s \u201ePartijas br\u012bv\u012bbai\u201d izcilie rezult\u0101ti N\u012bderlandes parlamenta P\u0101rst\u0101vju pal\u0101tas v\u0113l\u0113\u0161an\u0101s.\n\nHavjers Milejs p\u0101rst\u0101v politisko partiju aliansi \u201eLa Libertad Avanza\u201d, kuras nosaukumu latviski var\u0113tu tulkot k\u0101 \u201eBr\u012bv\u012bba iet uz priek\u0161u\u201d, \u201eBr\u012bv\u012bba att\u012bst\u0101s\u201d vai taml\u012bdz\u012bgi. T\u0101s kodolu veido Mileja piekrit\u0113ju 2018. gad\u0101 dibin\u0101t\u0101 Libertari\u0101\u0146u partija un Demokr\u0101tisk\u0101 partija, kuru p\u0101rst\u0101v otra alianses paman\u0101m\u0101k\u0101 fig\u016bra \u2013 juriste un politi\u0137e Viktorija Viljarruela. V\u0113l\u0113\u0161anu uzvar\u0113t\u0101ja politiskais triumfs noticis uz ilgsto\u0161\u0101s ekonomisk\u0101s un finan\u0161u kr\u012bzes fona, kura Argent\u012bnu moka jau kop\u0161 2018. gada. L\u012bdz\u0161in\u0113j\u0101 prezidenta Alberto Fernandesa vald\u012bbai gan izdev\u0101s pan\u0101kt zin\u0101mu ekonomikas atlab\u0161anu, ta\u010du infl\u0101cijas r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ji turpina k\u0101pt, novembr\u012b sasniedzot jaunu rekordu \u2013 140%. Tiek l\u0113sts, ka vair\u0101k nek\u0101 puse argent\u012bnie\u0161u b\u0113rnu \u0161obr\u012bd dz\u012bvo zem iztikas minimuma sliek\u0161\u0146a. Fernandess atteic\u0101s no kandid\u0113\u0161anas nesenaj\u0101s v\u0113l\u0113\u0161an\u0101s, bet vi\u0146a vald\u012bbas ekonomikas ministrs Serhio Massa v\u0113l\u0113\u0161an\u0101s piek\u0101p\u0101s Milejam.\n\nK\u0101 izdevumam \u201eThe Guardian\u201d izteicies Va\u0161ington\u0101 b\u0101z\u0113t\u0101s politisko p\u0113t\u012bjumu organiz\u0101cijas Vilsona centrs eksperts Bend\u017eamins Gedans, par Mileju balsoju\u0161ie grib\u0113ju\u0161i ko jaunu, vi\u013coties l\u012bdz\u0161in\u0113jos varas nes\u0113jos. Tom\u0113r \u0161im elektor\u0101tam var n\u0101kties no\u017e\u0113lot, ja jauniev\u0113l\u0113tais prezidents \u012bsteno\u0161ot kaut nelielu da\u013cu no agr\u0101k sol\u012bt\u0101, proti \u2013 radik\u0101li mazin\u0101t nodok\u013cus, bet, l\u012bdz ar to, ar\u012b soci\u0101l\u0101s izmaksas, likvid\u0113t Argent\u012bnas centr\u0101lo banku un dolariz\u0113t ekonomiku, saraut saites ar diviem liel\u0101kajiem tirdzniec\u012bbas partneriem \u2013 Braz\u012bliju un \u0136\u012bnu. V\u0113l vi\u0146a programma paredz atcelt 2020. gad\u0101 \u012bstenoto abortu legaliz\u0101ciju valst\u012b, savuk\u0101rt Mileja l\u012bdzgaitniece un jauniev\u0113l\u0113t\u0101 viceprezidente Viljarruela pla\u0161i paz\u012bstama k\u0101 savulaik Argent\u012bn\u0101 vald\u012bju\u0161\u0101s un apm\u0113ram 30\xa0000 cilv\u0113ku n\u0101v\u0113 vainojam\u0101s milit\u0101r\u0101s huntas noziegumu attaisnot\u0101ja.\n\nN\u0101kamaj\u0101m N\u012bderlandes parlamenta v\u0113l\u0113\u0161an\u0101m bija j\u0101notiek tikai 2025. gad\u0101, ta\u010du ilglaic\u012bg\u0101 premjerministra Marka Rutes ceturt\u0101 kabineta demisija j\u016blij\u0101 noveda pie jaun\u0101m v\u0113l\u0113\u0161an\u0101m. Ar\u012b N\u012bderlandes gad\u012bjum\u0101 anal\u012bti\u0137i piesauc sabiedr\u012bbas nogurumu no l\u012bdz\u0161in\u0113j\u0101s politikas, kura daudziem esot \u0161\u0137itusi p\u0101r\u0101k neoliber\u0101la. Par to liecina ar\u012b v\u0113l\u0113\u0161anu rezult\u0101ti, jo visas l\u012bdz\u0161in\u0113j\u0101s koal\u012bcijas partijas \u2013 ekspremjera konservat\u012bvi liber\u0101l\u0101 Tautas partija br\u012bv\u012bbai un demokr\u0101tijai, soci\u0101lliber\u0101l\u0101 \u201eDemokr\u0101ti 66\u201d, soci\u0101lkonservat\u012bv\u0101 \u201eKrist\u012bgi demokr\u0101tiskais aicin\u0101jums\u201d un centrisk\u0101 Krist\u012bg\u0101 savien\u012bba \u2013 zaud\u0113ju\u0161as iev\u0113rojamu da\u013cu no deput\u0101tu viet\u0101m. Politisko stafeti cer\u0113ja p\u0101r\u0146emt Za\u013ci-kreiso un Darba partijas alianse, kuras l\u012bderis Franss Timmermanss pat pameta Eiropas Komisijas izpildviceprezidenta amatu, lai st\u0101tos t\u0101s priek\u0161gal\u0101. Zin\u0101mi pan\u0101kumi, sal\u012bdzinot ar iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101m v\u0113l\u0113\u0161an\u0101m, kreisajiem ir, ta\u010du tos nevar sal\u012bdzin\u0101t ar G\u0113rta Vildersa vad\u012bt\u0101s \u201ePartijas Br\u012bv\u012bbai\u201d sniegumu, palielinot savu frakciju vair\u0101k nek\u0101 divas reizes. Ta\u010du 37 vietas ieguvu\u0161ajiem lab\u0113jiem populistiem vienalga j\u0101l\u016bkojas p\u0113c koal\u012bcijas partneriem, kas neb\u016bs vienk\u0101r\u0161i, iev\u0113rojot, ka Vilderss ir iedibin\u0101jis sev p\u0101rliecin\u0101ta eiroskepti\u0137a, migr\u0101cijas pretinieka un isl\u0101mtic\u012bgo g\u0101n\u012bt\u0101ja reput\u0101ciju.\n\nSp\u0101nija un Katalonija \u2013 pamiers vai p\u0101rgrup\u0113\u0161an\u0101s?\n\n15. novembr\u012b, uzst\u0101joties Sp\u0101nijas parlament\u0101, premjerministrs, Soci\u0101listisk\u0101s str\u0101dnieku partijas l\u012bderis Pedro San\u010dess pauda: \u201eM\u0113s esam izv\u0113l\u0113ju\u0161ies atkalapvieno\u0161anos, nevis atrieb\u0161anos, vienot\u012bbu, nevis sadal\u012b\u0161anos.\u201d \u0160\u0101di kreiso l\u012bderis aizst\u0101v\u0113ja vieno\u0161anos ar div\u0101m vado\u0161aj\u0101m Katalonijas neatkar\u012bbas atbalst\u012bt\u0101ju partij\u0101m, kas paredz amnestiju to l\u012bderiem, kas noties\u0101ti vai aps\u016bdz\u0113ti par dumpja r\u012bko\u0161anu. Pl\u0101ns izdev\u0101s, un San\u010dess tika iev\u0113l\u0113ts, pie tam, pirmo reizi kop\u0161 2011. gada, jau pirmaj\u0101 v\u0113l\u0113\u0161anu k\u0101rt\u0101. Starp 179 par vi\u0146u balsoju\u0161ajiem deput\u0101tiem bez soci\u0101listiem un radik\u0101lkreis\u0101s platformas \u201eSumar\u201d ir re\u0123ion\u0101li-etnisk\u0101s katal\u0101\u0146u, basku, galisie\u0161u un Kan\u0101riju salu partijas.\n\n\u0160\u0101da notikumu att\u012bst\u012bba izveda iel\u0101s lab\u0113jo partiju v\u0113l\u0113t\u0101jus, kuri soci\u0101listu sadarb\u012bb\u0101 ar minorit\u0101\u0161u partij\u0101m saskata valsts pamatu grau\u0161anu. Pats San\u010dess pau\u017e, ka \u0161\u012b vieno\u0161an\u0101s \u013caus p\u0101r\u0161\u0137irt as\u0101s pretst\u0101ves lappusi Sp\u0101nijas centr\u0101l\u0101s varas un Katalonijas neatkar\u012bbas aizst\u0101vju starp\u0101, par ko gan ir skeptiski daudzi anal\u012bti\u0137i. Vi\u0146upr\u0101t, katal\u0101\u0146u partijas neb\u016bt nav atmetu\u0161as domu par Katalonijas pa\u0161noteik\u0161anos, un \u0161o vieno\u0161anos uzskata par pirmo soli, p\u0113c kura j\u0101pan\u0101k turpm\u0101kie. Cit\u0101di atbalsts San\u010desa vald\u012bbai var tikt atsaukts.\n\nTiesa, Katalonijas sabiedr\u012bbas atbalsts secesijai no Sp\u0101nijas, sal\u012bdzinot ar piecus gadus seno pag\u0101tni, sprie\u017eot p\u0113c aptauju datiem, ir sarucis. Lai ar\u012b 73% aptauj\u0101to joproj\u0101m izsak\u0101s par atk\u0101rtotu neatkar\u012bbas referendumu, tikai 41% patie\u0161\u0101m v\u0113l\u0113tos izst\u0101\u0161anos no vienot\u0101s valsts. Abas liel\u0101k\u0101s katal\u0101\u0146u secesionistu partijas \u2013 \u201eKop\u0101 par Kataloniju\u201d un Katalonijas Kreisie republik\u0101\u0146i \u2013 p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101s v\u0113l\u0113\u0161an\u0101s zaud\u0113ju\u0161as pavisam apm\u0113ram 550\xa0000 v\u0113l\u0113t\u0101ju, liela da\u013ca no kuriem, visdr\u012bz\u0101k, nobalsoju\u0161i par soci\u0101listu partijas Katalonijas atzaru.\n\nPo\u013cu \u0161oferi un zemnieki r\u012bkojas\n\nPie Polijas un Ukrainas robe\u017e\u0161\u0137\u0113rso\u0161anas punktiem izveidoju\u0161\u0101s desmitiem kilometru garas smago automa\u0161\u012bnu rindas. Tiek zi\u0146ots, ka, lai no Polijas non\u0101ktu Ukrain\u0101, n\u0101koties gaid\u012bt l\u012bdz pat \u010detr\u0101m diennakt\u012bm, bet pret\u0113j\u0101 virzien\u0101 \u2013 pat divpadsmit diennaktis. \u0160\u0101du neapskau\u017eamu situ\u0101ciju saviem kol\u0113\u0123iem sag\u0101d\u0101ju\u0161i po\u013cu kravas ma\u0161\u012bnu vad\u012bt\u0101ji, kuri kop\u0161 6. novembra uzs\u0101ku\u0161i un arvien pastiprin\u0101ju\u0161i robe\u017epunktu blok\u0101di. Cauri tiekot laistas vien milit\u0101r\u0101s un hum\u0101n\u0101s pal\u012bdz\u012bbas kravas, p\u0101r\u0113jais kravas transports \u2013 pa vienai vai p\u0101ris ma\u0161\u012bn\u0101m stund\u0101. Nesen \u0161oferiem \u0161ai protest\u0101 s\u0101ku\u0161i pievienoties ar\u012b zemnieki.\n\nUkraina, savuk\u0101rt, pazi\u0146ojusi, ka \u0161\u012b robe\u017eas blok\u0101de iedrag\u0101 valsts jau t\u0101 kara traum\u0113to ekonomiku un ne\u013cauj p\u0101ri robe\u017eai non\u0101kt hum\u0101n\u0101s pal\u012bdz\u012bbas krav\u0101m. K\u0101 apgalvo po\u013cu kravas ma\u0161\u012bnu vad\u012bt\u0101ji, kop\u0161 pag\u0101ju\u0161aj\u0101 gad\u0101 tika atvieglota Ukrainas transporta iebrauk\u0161ana Eiropas Savien\u012bb\u0101, vi\u0146i cie\u0161ot no negod\u012bgas konkurences. Ukrainas transporta firmas, kuru darb\u012bbas izmaksas esot maz\u0101kas, ne tikai transport\u0113jot kravas no savas valsts, bet izpildot pas\u016bt\u012bjumus ar\u012b Eiropas Savien\u012bbas iek\u0161ien\u0113. Pie tam Polij\u0101, apejot sankcijas, savus meitas uz\u0146\u0113mumus nodibin\u0101ju\u0161as ar\u012b Krievijas un Baltkrievijas transportkomp\u0101nijas.\n\nPo\u013cu zemnieki, k\u0101 jau ierasts, protest\u0113 pret l\u0113t\u0101k\u0101s Ukrainas produkcijas konkurenci vi\u0146u valsts tirg\u016b. Protest\u0113t\u0101jiem atradies ar\u012b politiskais sabiedrotais \u2013 neliel\u0101 lab\u0113j\u0101 partija Konfeder\u0101cija \u201eBr\u012bv\u012bba un Neatkar\u012bba\u201d, kura jau priek\u0161v\u0113l\u0113\u0161anu retorik\u0101 uzst\u0101ja, ka Polija p\u0101r\u0101k d\u0101sni atbalstot Ukrainu. Pa\u0161reiz\u0113jais Polijas infrastrukt\u016bras ministrs And\u017eejs Adam\u010diks v\u0113rsies pie sava Ukrainas kol\u0113\u0123a ar aicin\u0101jumu izpild\u012bt vienu no protest\u0113t\u0101ju pras\u012bb\u0101m \u2013 nelikt t\u0101m kravas ma\u0161\u012bn\u0101m, kuras tuk\u0161as atgrie\u017eas no Ukrainas Polij\u0101, iziet p\u0101rbaudi uz robe\u017eas visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s rindas k\u0101rt\u012bb\u0101.\n\n\u0160oferu un zemnieku protesti uzs\u0101kti laik\u0101, kad visa uzman\u012bba Polijas politik\u0101 koncentr\u0113ta uz jaun\u0101s vald\u012bbas veido\u0161anas procesu. Aizvakar prezidents And\u017eejs Duda apstiprin\u0101ja l\u012bdz\u0161in\u0113j\u0101 premjera Mateu\u0161a Moravjecka vald\u012bbu, cikt\u0101l vi\u0146a partija \u2013 \u201eLikums un Taisn\u012bgums\u201d \u2013 ieguvusi visvair\u0101k vietu parlament\u0101. Ta\u010du ir praktiski neizb\u0113gami, ka \u0161\u012b vald\u012bba neiztur\u0113s parlamenta uztic\u012bbas balsojumu, kam j\u0101notiek p\u0113c p\u0101ris ned\u0113\u013c\u0101m. Tad parlaments, savuk\u0101rt, var\u0113s apstiprin\u0101t vald\u012bbu p\u0113c saviem ieskatiem, ko, j\u0101dom\u0101, veidos \u201eLikumam un Taisn\u012bgumam\u201d opozicion\u0101r\u0101s liber\u0101l\u0101k\u0101s partijas ar \u201ePilsonisko koal\u012bciju\u201d k\u0101 centr\u0101lo sp\u0113ku.\n\nSagatavoja Eduards Lini\u0146\u0161.