Knowledge security entails mitigating the risks of espionage, unwanted knowledge transfers, intellectual property theft, data leakage and the misuse of dual-use technology (technology that is primarily \u201cfocused on commercial markets but may also have defence and security applications\u201d).\n\nIn the context of research on and the development of high-end technology, knowledge security is vital to NATO\u2019s ability to deter and defend against adversaries and protect the prosperity of its members.