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Two major empires in the area at this time: Persian and Byzantine\n- Persian culture and power goes far back into Biblical times, even before Cyrus the Great (islamiclearningmaterials.com/gogandmagog)\n- Once conquered by Alexander the Great\n- Went through several dynastic changes\n- Sassanid Empire was the last non-Muslim Persian dynasty\n- Came into power 400 years before Prophet\u2019s birth\n- By the time Prophet was in Medina, Sassanid Empire was going through political turmoil and very weak