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This week on Babel,\xa0Jon speaks with Emile Hokayem, a senior fellow for the Middle East at the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS). They discuss changing Middle Eastern views of the United States, the United States' focus on "defense diplomacy" with regional partners, and the implications of his conversations with regional actors for\xa0policymakers in Washington Then, Jon, Natasha Hall, and\xa0Danny Sharp, continue the conversation about competing visions of the United States in the Middle East and how they might influence each other.\n\nEmile\xa0Hokayem, \u201cReassuring Gulf Partners While Recalibrating U.S. Security Policy,\u201d Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, May 18, 2021.\xa0\n\nJon Alterman "Focus on Influence, Not Power, in the Middle East," Defense One, March 25, 2021.\n\nEmile\xa0Hokayem\xa0and John Raine, \u201cThe Strategic Implications of COVID-19 for the Middle East,\u201d IISS, December 2020.\n\nTranscript, "Competing Views of the United States," CSIS, October 5, 2021.