TTMIK Level 5 lesson 2
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TTMIK Level 5 Lesson 2 - -\\uc2dc- (honorific)
Welcome everybody to the 2nd lesson of Level 5. In this lesson we are going to introduce how the honorific suffix -\\uc2dc- [-si-] is used in "politer" and "more formal" situations. Even if this is the first time you have heard about this "honorific suffix", you probably have already seen some expressions before that have this word -\\uc2dc- in them, such as \\uc548\\ub155\\ud558\\uc138\\uc694, \\uc548\\ub155\\ud788 \\uac00\\uc138\\uc694 or \\uc8fc\\uc138\\uc694.
What is -\\uc2dc-?
- \\uc2dc- is a "suffix" so it is never used on its own. When combined with other verbs, -\\uc2dc- makes a sentence "honorific", which means that the speaker is showing respect for the person that he or she is talking about. If the speaker wants to show respect for the other person talking with him or herself, he or she can show respect for that person, too, by using this honorific suffix, -\\uc2dc-.
How is it used?
-\\uc2dc- can be used in any tense. You add -\\uc2dc- between the verb stem and other verb endings.
PLAIN
Present tense: verb stem + -\\uc544/\\uc5b4/\\uc5ec\\uc694
Past tense: verb stem + -\\uc558/\\uc5c8/\\uc600\\uc5b4\\uc694
Future tense: verb stem + -\\u3139 \\uac70\\uc608\\uc694
HONORIFIC
Present tense: verb stem + -\\uc2dc- + -\\uc5b4\\uc694
Past tense: verb stem + -\\uc2dc- + -\\uc5c8\\uc5b4\\uc694
Future tense: verb stem + -\\uc2dc- + -\\u3139 \\uac70\\uc608\\uc694
** When the verb stem ends with a consonant, you need to add \\uc73c [eu] in front of \\uc2dc to make the pronunciation easier.
Examples
1. \\ubcf4\\ub2e4 [bo-da] = to see
Present tense
[plain] \\ubcf4 + -\\uc544\\uc694 = \\ubd10\\uc694 [bwa-yo]
[honorific] \\ubcf4 + -\\uc2dc- + -\\uc5b4\\uc694 = \\ubcf4\\uc154\\uc694 [bo-syeo-yo]
Past tense
[plain] \\ubcf4 + -\\uc558- + -\\uc5b4\\uc694 = \\ubd24\\uc5b4\\uc694 [bwa-sseo-yo]
[honorific] \\ubcf4 + -\\uc2dc- + -\\uc5c8- + -\\uc5b4\\uc694 = \\ubcf4\\uc168\\uc5b4\\uc694 [bo-syeo-sseo-yo]
Future tense
[plain] \\ubcf4 + -\\u3139 \\uac70\\uc608\\uc694 = \\ubcfc \\uac70\\uc608\\uc694 [bol geo-ye-yo]
[honorific] \\ubcf4 + -\\uc2dc- + \\u3139 \\uac70\\uc608\\uc694 = \\ubcf4\\uc2e4 \\uac70\\uc608\\uc694 [bo-sil geo-ye-yo]
2. \\uc6c3\\ub2e4 [ut-da] = to laugh, to smile
Present tense
[plain] \\uc6c3 + -\\uc5b4\\uc694 = \\uc6c3\\uc5b4\\uc694 [u-seo-yo]
[honorific] \\uc6c3 + -\\uc73c\\uc2dc- + -\\uc5b4\\uc694 = \\uc6c3\\uc73c\\uc154\\uc694 [u-seo-syeo-yo]
Past tense
[plain] \\uc6c3 + -\\uc5c8- + -\\uc5b4\\uc694 = \\uc6c3\\uc5c8\\uc5b4\\uc694 [u-seo-sseo-yo]
[honorific] \\uc6c3 + -\\uc73c\\uc2dc- + -\\uc5c8- + -\\uc5b4\\uc694 = \\uc6c3\\uc73c\\uc168\\uc5b4\\uc694 [u-seu-syeo-sseo-yo]
Future tense
[plain] \\uc6c3 + -\\uc744 \\uac70\\uc608\\uc694 = \\uc6c3\\uc744 \\uac70\\uc608\\uc694 [u-seul geo-ye-yo]
[honorific] \\uc6c3 + -\\uc73c\\uc2dc- + -\\u3139 \\uac70\\uc608\\uc694 = \\uc6c3\\uc73c\\uc2e4 \\uac70\\uc608\\uc694 [u-seu-sil geo-ye-yo]
Honorific subject marker
You already know what subject markers are. They are \\uc774 [i] and \\uac00 [ga] and they show \\u201cWHO\\u201d did the action or \\u201cWHO\\u201d is the subject of the verb.
Ex)
A: \\ub204\\uac00 \\ud588\\uc5b4\\uc694? (Who did it?)
B: \\uc81c\\uac00 \\ud588\\uc5b4\\uc694. (I did it.)
In honorific sentences, the subject markers change to \\uaed8\\uc11c [kke-seo]. You can only use \\uaed8\\uc11c after subjects that you are being honorific to, showing respect toward and lowering yourself against.
Ex) A\\uac00 \\u2192 A\\uaed8\\uc11c
Often times, the word for the subject itself can change accordingly. For example, the word \\uc120\\uc0dd\\ub2d8 is already in the honorific form because it has the word \\u201c\\ub2d8" but in casual situations you can use \\uc774 or \\uac00 as subject markers. But other words need to change forms when they are used in honorific sentences.
Ex)
\\uce5c\\uad6c\\uac00 \\u2192 \\uce5c\\uad6c\\ubd84\\uaed8\\uc11c (adding the word \\ubd84 [bun])
\\uc0ac\\uc7a5\\uc774 \\u2192 \\uc0ac\\uc7a5\\ub2d8\\uaed8\\uc11c (adding the word \\ub2d8 [nim])
\\ud604\\uc6b0 \\uc528\\uac00 \\u2192 \\ud604\\uc6b0 \\ub2d8\\uaed8\\uc11c (changing the word \\uc528 [ssi] to \\ub2d8 [nim])
But in everyday conversations, if you are talking with people that you are somewhat close to, you can drop \\uaed8\\uc11c while still keeping the basic honorific forms using -\\uc2dc-.
Ex)
1. \\ud604\\uc6b0 \\uc528, \\uc5b8\\uc81c \\uc624\\uc2e4 \\uac70\\uc608\\uc694? = Hyunwoo, when are you going to come here?
2. \\uc120\\uc0dd\\ub2d8\\uc774 \\uc8fc\\uc168\\uc5b4\\uc694. = My teacher gave it to me.
3. \\uc544\\ube60 \\uc624\\uc168\\uc5b4\\uc694. = My father is here.
Irregular verbs exampls
1. \\ub4e3\\ub2e4 [deut-da] = to listen
\\u2192 [honorific] \\ub4e4\\uc73c\\uc2dc\\ub2e4 [deu-reu-si-da]
2. \\ud314\\ub2e4 [pal-da] = to sell
\\u2192 [honorific] \\ud30c\\uc2dc\\ub2e4 [pa-si-da]
3. \\uba39\\ub2e4 [meok-da] = to eat
\\u2192 [honorific] \\ub4dc\\uc2dc\\ub2e4 [deu-si-da]
4. \\ub9c8\\uc2dc\\ub2e4 [ma-si-da] = to drink
\\u2192 [honorific] \\ub4dc\\uc2dc\\ub2e4 [deu-si-da] (** the same as \\uba39\\ub2e4)
Fixed expressions (noun + \\ud558\\uc2dc\\ub2e4)
There are some nouns that are only used in honorific situations. They are used with \\ud558\\uc2dc\\ub2e4 to form utmost honorific and polite expressions.
\\ub9d0 [mal] = talk, speech, story, speaking
\\u2192 \\ub9d0\\uc500 [mal-sseum]
\\u2192 \\ub9d0\\uc500\\ud558\\uc2dc\\ub2e4 [mal-sseum-ha-si-da] = to talk
\\uba39\\ub2e4 [meok-da] = to eat
\\u2192 \\uc2dd\\uc0ac [sik-sa] = meal
\\u2192 \\uc2dd\\uc0ac\\ud558\\uc2dc\\ub2e4 [sik-sa-ha-si-da] = to have a meal
-\\uc154\\uc694 becoming -\\uc138\\uc694
Originally, when -\\uc2dc- is combined with -\\uc544/\\uc5b4/\\uc5ec\\uc694, the present tense ending, it becomes -\\uc154\\uc694. But over time, people have started pronouncing it and even writing it as -\\uc138\\uc694 because it\\u2019s easier to pronounce. This is only found in present tense sentences and imperative sentences.
Present tense:
Ex) \\uc5b4\\ub514 \\uac00\\uc154\\uc694? \\u2192 \\uc5b4\\ub514 \\uac00\\uc138\\uc694?
(\\uc5b4\\ub514 \\uac00\\uc154\\uc694 is still correct, but people say \\uc5b4\\ub514 \\uac00\\uc138\\uc694 more commonly.)
Imperative:
Ex) \\ud558\\uc9c0 \\ub9c8\\uc154\\uc694. \\u2192 \\ud558\\uc9c0 \\ub9c8\\uc138\\uc694.
(\\ud558\\uc9c0 \\ub9c8\\uc138\\uc694 is still correct, but people say \\ud558\\uc9c0 \\ub9c8\\uc138\\uc694 more commonly.)