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Image:  French involvement in the American Revolutionary War of 1775–1783 began in 1775, when France, a hotbed of various radical Enlightenment ideas and long-term historical rival of the Kingdom of Great Britain, secretly shipped supplies to the Continental Army when it was established in June 1775. Painting: French (left) and British ships (right) at the Battle of the Chesapeake off Yorktown in 1781; the outnumbered British fleet departed, leaving Cornwallis no choice but to capitulate.   Brothers at Arms: American Independence and the Men of France and Spain Who Saved It,by Larrie D. Ferreiro (https://www.amazon.com/Larrie-D-Ferreiro/e/B001ITTT9A/ref=dp_byline_cont_ebooks_1)     In this groundbreaking, revisionist history, Larrie Ferreiro shows that at the time the first shots were fired at Lexington and Concord the colonists had little chance, if any, of militarily defeating the British. The nascent American nation had no navy, little in the way of artillery, and a militia bereft even of gunpowder. In his detailed accounts, Ferreiro shows that without the extensive military and financial support of the French and Spanish, the American cause would never have succeeded. France and Spain provided close to the equivalent of $30 billion and 90 per cent of all guns used by the Americans, and they sent soldiers and sailors by the thousands to fight and die alongside the Americans, as well as around the world.            Ferreiro adds to the historical records the names of French and Spanish diplomats, merchants, soldiers, and sailors whose contribution is at last given recognition. Instead of viewing the American Revolution in isolation, Brothers at Arms reveals the birth of the American nation as the centerpiece of an international coalition fighting against a common enemy.  https://www.amazon.com/Brothers-Arms-American-Independence-France-ebook/dp/B01C1LWZ5S/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=Larrie+Ferriero&qid=1609290834&s=digital-text&sr=1-1-spell