923: 1/8 Brothers at Arms: American Independence and the Men of France and Spain Who Saved It, by Larrie D. Ferreiro
Image: When Washington took command of the American revolutionary army in 1775, he learned that there was only enough gunpowder to provide nine rounds of ammunition per man. Gunpowder is often referred to today as "black powder (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_powder) " to distinguish it from the propellant used in contemporary firearms. Spain declared war on Britain as an ally of France, itself an ally of the American colonies. Most notably, Spanish forces attacked British positions in the south and captured West Florida (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Florida) from Britain in the Siege of Pensacola (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Pensacola) . This secured the southern route for supplies and closed off the possibility of any British offensive through the western frontier of United States via the Mississippi River (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River) . Spain also provided money, supplies—including gunpowder—and munitions to the American forces. Here: Obra titulada Por España y por el rey, Gálvez en America, donde se muestra al militar español Bernardo de Gálvez (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/es:Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez) durante la Batalla de Pensacola (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/es:Batalla_de_Pensacola) . Brothers at Arms: American Independence and the Men of France and Spain Who Saved It,by Larrie D. Ferreiro (https://www.amazon.com/Larrie-D-Ferreiro/e/B001ITTT9A/ref=dp_byline_cont_ebooks_1) In this groundbreaking, revisionist history, Larrie Ferreiro shows that at the time the first shots were fired at Lexington and Concord the colonists had little chance, if any, of militarily defeating the British. The nascent American nation had no navy, little in the way of artillery, and a militia bereft even of gunpowder. In his detailed accounts, Ferreiro shows that without the extensive military and financial support of the French and Spanish, the American cause would never have succeeded. France and Spain provided close to the equivalent of $30 billion and 90 per cent of all guns used by the Americans, and they sent soldiers and sailors by the thousands to fight and die alongside the Americans, as well as around the world. Ferreiro adds to the historical records the names of French and Spanish diplomats, merchants, soldiers, and sailors whose contribution is at last given recognition. Instead of viewing the American Revolution in isolation, Brothers at Arms reveals the birth of the American nation as the centerpiece of an international coalition fighting against a common enemy. https://www.amazon.com/Brothers-Arms-American-Independence-France-ebook/dp/B01C1LWZ5S/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=Larrie+Ferriero&qid=1609290834&s=digital-text&sr=1-1-spell .. .. ..