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VIDEO WITH VISUAL AIDS ON YOUTUBE!!\\xa0\\xa0

How did you get so put together?\\xa0 DNA is the blueprint, but it doesn\'t determine everything.\\xa0 DNA gets turned into RNA, and then finally into proteins that help build your body and brain.\\xa0 But there are SO many steps in that process that affect the final product- you.\\xa0 \\xa0The sum of these steps is a process called genetic regulation.\\xa0 Genetic regulation makes sure that not all of our genes are expressed and turned into protein at the same time and same place- that would be a mess!

This episode is all about genetic regulation by long, non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs, pronounced "link-R N A").\\xa0 LncRNAs are long segments of RNA that serve non-traditional functions in the genome.\\xa0 Although recently discovered, lncRNAs seem to be involved in everything from the genetic regulation of development to diseases like cancer.\\xa0 LncRNAs could help rewrite the field of genetic regulation, and might be the biggest shift to understanding genetics since epigenetics became a hot topic.

https://www.straightfromascientist.com/rachel-cherney/

Rachel is also highly involved in other forms of science communication!\\xa0 Check out the Pipettepen and UNC SWAC for more info!\\xa0 If you\'re at UNC, make sure to check TIBBS for career training and opportunities.

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Specific visual references and their approximate timestamps are listed below.\\xa0 Make sure to watch the Youtube Video for the full experience!

• 5:00: DNA vs RNA vs Protein - (image in video)
• 7:30: Alternative splicing - (image in video)
• 9:00:\\xa0Jimena giudice lab at UNC \\xa0-\\xa0http://giudicelab.web.unc.edu/ (Alternative splicing and intracellular trafficking in development and diseases)
• 9:30: It\'s estimated that >90% of proteins undergo alternative splicing

• 13:30: protein coding gene structure (image in video)
• 15:30: Additional note:\\xa0 smaller ncRNAs have more defined structure than lncRNAs, their functions are better known
• 17:33: dosage compensation - calico cats (image in video)
• 20:50: An example of a motif that proteins recognize (http://www.rnajournal.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=31097619, figure 3 )
• 21:00: xist repeat structure (https://www.mdpi.com/2311-553X/4/4/28/htm, figure 2, human vs mouse xist)
• 23:00:in cis lncRNA function (https://dev.biologists.org/content/143/21/3882, figure 2 b and c)
• 25:05: Markers are placed on histones, rather than DNA. Histones are proteins that DNA wraps around to compact dna into cells (image in video)
• 25:30: A note: polycomb complexes are conserved to plants and even fungi.\\xa0 lncRNAs can be found in plants*
• 28:15: immunoprecipitation pipeline (image in video)
• 31:30 -33:35: Examples of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)\\xa0(image in video)
• 35:00: Enhancer rnas (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1672022917300761\\xa0figure 1
• 38:30: single line RNA vs double line DNA, 3DRNA structure (image in video)
• 41:00: xist vs rsx\\xa0 (http://www.rnajournal.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=31097619, figure 6b )
• 42:30: SWAC /pipettepen,com - link to swac article that prompted this podcast -http://www.thepipettepen.com/what-determines-our-complexity/
• 44:30: TIBBS -https://tibbs.unc.edu/