Emma - Jane Austen - Episode 4- All Is Well That Ends Well - The Conclusion
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Emma - Jane Austen - Episode 4- All Is Well That Ends Well - The Conclusion
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HI, I\\u2019m Christy Shriver.\\xa0 We discuss books that have changed the world and have changed us.
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I\\u2019m Garry Shriver and this is the How to Love Lit Podcast.\\xa0 This is our concluding episode to Jane Austen\\u2019s masterpiece, Emma.\\xa0 And what a fun series it has been.\\xa0 There have been no deaths, well, unless you count Mrs. Churchill but she was generally ungrieved.\\xa0 There\\u2019s no generational abuse, no hysteria, no ghosts or no violence of any kind.\\xa0 Christy, I didn\\u2019t realize you in the English department believed in books like this. This is the anti-Wuthering Heights.
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\\xa0You books that happiness.\\xa0 It\\u2019s true try to avoid that if we can, but in this one case, we\\u2019ve made an exception..\\xa0 Next week, for our poetry supplement, we\\u2019re going to discuss William Blake and his poems about chimney sweepers- they\\u2019re pretty tragic, so hopefully, if someone comes to the canon of English literature looking for despair and angst, we can find something to offer.\\xa0 We generally do.
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Well, I guess, I better enjoy the comedic ending of Emma while it\\u2019s available- and if the definition of comedy is that we end in marriage- Emma fits the bill. There is not one, not two but three weddings at the end of this book that starts with a wedding.\\xa0 On week one we met our first bride- Miss Taylor who becomes Mrs. Weston.\\xa0 We meet the Woodhouses and learned a little about Regency England.\\xa0 In week two we flew through 17 chapters of the book meeting Emma, her family and being introduced to Harriet- the girl who will be Emma\\u2019s matchmaking victim and who narrowing escapes matrimonial destruction- But we follow the near-miss disaster by looking at the silly love triangle constituted by Emma- Harriet- and Mr. Elton finishing with Mr. Elton\\u2019s buffoonish confession of love to Emma.\\xa0 We also spent a large part of the discussion defending the claim that Austen is, among other things, making an argument about the nature of what Aristotle calls virtuous friendships claiming that the most satisfying of relationships is between those who are intellectual equals.\\xa0 Last week, we picked up with the second love triangle- Emma- Frank Churchhill and Jane Fairfax.\\xa0 We drew a parallel between Frank and Jane versus Emma and Knightly- a secret love versus a hidden love, as you called it.\\xa0 We also met the entire town of Highbury making the most fun of the ridiculous upstarts, Mr. and Mrs Elton. We finished by reading the end of chapter 38 where we begin to see a little sparkle between Emma and Knightly with the acknowledgement that they are not brother and sister.
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And that is where we will pick up with chapter 39 and race to the end and all the weddings.\\xa0 These episodes I know have been longer than usual, but on the other hand, I feel like we\\u2019ve skipped over so much.\\xa0 We\\u2019ve tried to give you something different to look for every episode as you read the book- and while there are some books you can listen to our podcast and skip the books- I\\u2019ve heard people do that with the Macchiavelli episodes, Emma is not one of them.\\xa0 There is just too many things to say- and if we went on for much longer, most of you would just turn off your device and call us Miss Bates.\\xa0 So, where to start?\\xa0 Well,\\xa0 before we talk about Frank Churchhill rescuing Harriett, eating strawberrys at Donwell Box Hill and the other events of the story,\\xa0 I want to point out something that I read in Janice Barcha\\u2019s article on Austen\\u2019s word choice that I just found interesting and thought you might too.\\xa0 It\\u2019s about her diction.\\xa0 Now diction is just a fancy term for any person\\u2019s choice of words.\\xa0 We all have words that we tend to use and this part of what is called our idiolect- we don\\u2019t even think about it but the words that come out of our mouths are unique and really determined by our educational level, the region where we live, our personality- all kinds of thing. \\xa0 No two people have the same idiolect- and if we know someone really well,\\xa0 lot\\u2019s of us can recognize who\\u2019s texting us or writing just by their diction.\\xa0 This is something, I don\\u2019t know Garry what can you tell me about how many words an average native English speaker uses on average.
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Well, as you knew when you asked me that, that\\u2019s a tricky question.\\xa0 The truth is, the majority of native English speakers know thousands of words by the time they are adults- in fact linguists tell us that even most 5 year olds can recognize almost 10,000 words.\\xa0 However, that\\u2019s not the same as saying they use all those words.\\xa0 Most of us will use the same 1000 in about 89% of everything they say.\\xa0 I\\u2019m assuming this would be what you\\u2019re calling our idiolect.
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Yes- although to be honest- your idiolect isn\\u2019t just your vocabulary, but also your speech patterns and pronunciation-\\xa0 but the reason I bring it up is because in Emma, Austen plays around with this in a fun sort of way.\\xa0 She gives each character a very distinctive idiolect, but she also gives the entire community their own sort of sociolect- In the book Emma, Austen uses the word \\u201cvery\\u201d 1212 times.\\xa0 That is several times per page.\\xa0 Now, before you just say, well that\\u2019s just the way Austen writes- that\\u2019s HER idiolect- let me assure you that\\u2019s not true.\\xa0 She ONLY does this in Emma.\\xa0\\xa0
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That\\u2019s weird.\\xa0 Why?
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Well, there\\u2019s speculation about that.\\xa0 At first I thought it was her making fun of Emma- like inserting like into her speech pattern to make her sound spoiled or valley like we do when we make fun of California people- but that\\u2019s not true.\\xa0 All of the characters when they talk over use the word very.\\xa0 When they first discuss Mrs. Elton, before they decide they don\\u2019t like her, she\\u2019s not a pleasing woman, Emma calls her, \\u201c very- very pleasing young woman\\u201d... she\\u2019s \\u201cvery nicely dressed.\\u201d\\xa0 And Harriet responds not by saying she\\u2019s attached to Mr. Elton, but she\\u2019s VERY attached to him.\\xa0 You can pick any page of this book and you\\u2019ll see it.\\xa0 It\\u2019s funny.\\xa0 And you know who\\u2019s the most prone to use the word very
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No, who?
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Mr. Woodhouse.\\xa0 Listen to him, \\u201cI am very glad I did think of her.\\xa0 It was very lucky, for I would not have had poor James think himself slighted upon any account, and I am sure she will make a very good servant.\\u201d\\xa0 He\\u2019s just talking about one of the house servants.\\xa0\\xa0
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But couldn\\u2019t you argue that Austen is just giving people personality.\\xa0 I mean one of the ways you know immediately Miss Bate is talking is through all the crazy punctuation and the endless barrage of \\u201cyou knows\\u201d\\u2026
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Well, that\\u2019s certainly true of Mrs Bates- she has one of the most distinctive idiolects in the whole book and I\\u2019m sure many an actress has had a lot of fun playing that role.\\xa0 But Barchas argues, and I think it\\u2019s worth mentioning here because this is kind of the idea I wanted to center this week\\u2019s podcast around- is that it contributes to one of the overall themes in this book- the theme of isolation and confinement. Austen goes to great lengths to create a small community, a small world with its own language even- that Emma- uniquely Emma- is never\\xa0 to leave- and although the first statement in the entire book declares that Emma has nothing to vex her ever- Austen, through her unique narrative technique- by the end of the novel- absolutely convinces us that this is not the case- she does have things to vex her- in fact- many of her faults that annoy us- her snobbishness, her meddling in people\\u2019s lives in particular- are in large part a result of her vexation at being isolated.
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And why do you think that is?\\xa0\\xa0
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Well, I think it centers around her father. And Austen\\u2019s portrayal of Mr. Woodhouse is unusual. First of all, he\\u2019s very dear to everyone- where they will make fun of Miss Bates and Mrs. Elton, you don\\u2019t see anyone making fun of Mr. Woodhouse, even though he has so many selfish and irritating demands and habits- you would think no one would want to be around him at all. But instead they say he is, and I quote, \\u201ctender at heart\\u201d.
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But he clearly has what may be called hypochondria, although, I know it\\u2019s not scientific to diagnose fictional characters. He does use his illnesses, either real or perceived to control the actions of everyone in his world- especially Emma- but he does it to everyone- dictating when people come and go, what they eat, how many are even invited to parties.\\xa0 His best friend in town, Mr. Perry is quoted all the time- and often misquoted we notice from the very beginning when we have this discussion about eating cake.
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And yet, Emma is entirely devoted to him- it\\u2019s the driving focus of her life- and is what is causing all of her isolation. She can\\u2019t marry because she can\\u2019t leave her father. According to her own admission and I quote, \\u201cI must beg you not to talk of the sea.\\xa0 It makes me envious and miserable; I who have never seen it!\\u201d\\xa0 And for modern readers, especially female readers, I think it\\u2019s what makes us empathize with her in many instances and makes us angry with her father.
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Well, there\\u2019s a couple of world view issues here that I think are important to consider. The first that comes to mind is the Christian worldview that is embedded in this novel although not overtly.\\xa0 Of course, Christianity is not the only worldview like this, in fact, almost all traditional religious world views share this value \\u2013 Emma demonstrates a sacred commitment to one\\u2019s parents. It\\u2019s in the ten commandments- honor thy father and thy mother- among other sacred texts.\\xa0 Of course, our modern secular worldview reverses this and sees it as the duty of the father to honor the child- but that is a fairly recent reversal- most cultures throughout time- saw the caring for one\\u2019s parents as a sacred duty- almost above all else. Emma has no mother and is the sole-caretaker of her father and has been.\\xa0 She has adopted this responsibility and will not forsake it for anything no matter the cost- in Knightly\\u2019s words\\u2014it is her duty- and so his hypochondria confines her to Highbury.
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But in my mind, if I were friend, it would drive me nuts to see someone trapped like that.
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For sure, in our minds, but that brings me to the second issue of worldview- how we see mental illness today is very different.\\xa0 Back then, there was a consensus that mental health was connected to physical health- and of course it is- but they understood it slightly differently than we do.\\xa0 If you were in a bad humour- that was a physical issue.- and there were literally four humours.\\xa0 Mr. Woodhouse was a nervous man- that meant his nervous system was mal-functioning.\\xa0 This condition is related to excessive black bile- an obstruction of the spleen.\\xa0 If you look at medical books from the time period they actually say that \\u201chypochondria is an obstruction of the spleen by thickened and distempered blood; extending itself often to the liver and other parts\\u201d.\\xa0 So, to abandon or blame someone for having hypochondria would be the equivalent of blaming someone for having hemophelia or arthritis- cruel to do.\\xa0 Of course in modern times we would refer to Mr. Woodhouse as suffering from any number of anxiety disorders.
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Well, Frank Churchhill\\u2019s mother seemed to have it too\\u2026well they thought she did until she actually died, so who knows what all that woman had.\\xa0 But having those ideas in our mind, when we come to the climax of the book\\u2026things make a lot more sense as to why Knightly and Emma getting together is such an ordeal\\u2026.and literally almost does not happen.
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Which brings us to the end of the ball where we see the romantic connection between these two kind of begin.
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It begins, but then takes a back seat to all the silly drama that comes with the characters of Harriet, Frank Churchill and Mrs. Elton, albeit it different ways.\\xa0 First, Harriet gets assaulted by gypsies and low and behold who shows up just in the nick of time- Frank Churchill who rescues her from her oppresses.\\xa0 Also, It seems Mr. Elton\\u2019s snubbing her at the party and her getting rescued by Knightley is enough to cure Harriet of being in love with him, those events plus the fact that he\\u2019s married has finally led Harriet to decide to give up her infatuation with him as well as the treasures of his she\\u2019s been holding onto: one being a pencil stub.\\xa0
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Speaking of Frank Churchill, there\\u2019s also this scene where apparently asks a question about Mr. Perry revealing that he knew private information that wasn\\u2019t commonly known.\\xa0 As readers we can tell that he must have obviously heard it from Jane, but he claims he must have dreamed it.\\xa0 While they are playing a word game, he seems to apologize to Jane by writing out the word \\u201cblunder\\u201d and then perhaps \\u201cpardon\\u201d- although we as readers don\\u2019t actually see that one.\\xa0
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Well- pardon and blunder seem good words for Frank Churchill because for me, what is emerging is this comparison between Frank and Emma.\\xa0 They are both spoiled rich kids, but Emma, although snobby does seem to be guided by a sense of duty where Frank does not.\\xa0 He\\u2019s introduced not doing right by his father and now, it seems, he\\u2019s kind of not doing right by his fianc\\xe9.\\xa0 Jane Fairfax is very upset.\\xa0 Frank Churchill is flirting with Emma, is telling things in pubic that she\\u2019s told him in confidence and seems very cavalier about the whole thing.\\xa0 Which takes us to the adventure at Donwell Abbey- a contrivance by the silly Mrs Elton to get all the best people in town to hang out together. Furthermore, Mrs. Elton, who wants to prove she\\u2019s a somebody- has taken it upon herself to get a job for Jane Fairfax.\\xa0\\xa0
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Which, in the words of Emma left Jane looking vexed.\\xa0 And this is where the word mystery does seem to fit this novel.\\xa0 There are all these disconnected events that don\\u2019t go together, and I as a\\xa0 first time reader get a little confused as to what it all means.\\xa0 I didn\\u2019t understand the word game.\\xa0 I didn\\u2019t understand why Jane seems so upset most of the time, and here she\\u2019s so upset she actually leaves the party on foot, begging Emma to keep her leaving a secret for as long as possible, and then of course Frank Churchhill randomly showing up and in a foul mood.\\xa0 None of it makes sense.
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No, and the big take down on Box Hill doesn\\u2019t either.\\xa0 This scene is really where Emma hits her lowest moment in the whole book, and really, in terms of her own personal growth, this is where we see a real turning point from which she never returns.\\xa0 Although, this really isn\\u2019t considered by most to be the climax of the novel.\\xa0 Most critics call the climax of the novel that moment where Emma realizes she\\u2019s in love with Knightly.\\xa0 And I get that.\\xa0 I don\\u2019t even disagree with that.\\xa0 I love that part.\\xa0 But for me, this book is about Emma- and it is in this moment- here at Box Hill that Emma comes into her own.\\xa0 When she viscerates the helpless and and kind hearted Miss Bates for no reason and then Knightly shames her, she fundamentally really changes- for me it\\u2019s the moment she takes command of who she wants to be in her life- and I really like that.
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Well, on the surface, it absolutely makes no sense she should attack Miss Bates.\\xa0 Miss Bates, of course is her normal slightly annoying self, but she never is anything but kind and grateful, especially to Emma.
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No, but like all of us, when we get in a bad mood and feel defensive, isn\\u2019t it true that we often attack the weak links.\\xa0 And this is what happens here, and really why I think she comes into her own.\\xa0 They entire Highbury entourage is out on this excursion to the place called \\u201cBox Hill\\u201d.\\xa0 Everyone seems off- no one is having fun.\\xa0 We will find out later the real reason, but Frank Churchhill seems especially flirtatious with Emma- on the surface it seems playful, but it\\u2019s one of those conversations that isn\\u2019t.\\xa0
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No- what\\u2019s really happening is Emma and Frank are having a power struggle- for no better reason than they seem to be bored.\\xa0 The whole conversation is worth picking apart, but we don\\u2019t have time to really do that, but I want to point how two intelligent people verbally duel.\\xa0\\xa0
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It starts with Frank thanking Emma for inviting him suggesting he wasn\\u2019t going to come.\\xa0 Emma counters by attacking him.\\xa0 She says this, \\u201cYes, you were very cross; and I do not know what about, except that you were too late for the best strawberries.\\xa0 I was a kinder friend than you deserved.\\xa0 But you were humble.\\xa0 You begged hard to be commanded to come.\\u201d\\xa0
\\u201cDon\\u2019t say I was cross.\\xa0 I was fatigued.\\xa0 The heat overcame me.\\u201d
\\u201cIt is hotter today\\u201d
\\u201cNo to my feelings.\\xa0 I am perfectly comfortable today.\\u201d
\\u201cYou are comfortable because you are under command.\\u201d
\\u201cYour command- yes.\\u201d
\\u201cPerhaps I intended you to say so, but I meant self-command.\\u201d
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Now, this is where Frank dominates Emma, making her angry because she cannot regain control over this argument.\\xa0 This is what he does, she says something- like she does here, and then he changes what she says to mean something she didn\\u2019t say.\\xa0 He begins to put words in her mouth.\\xa0 He does it again, and again.\\xa0 Until finally he claims in front of everyone that Emma would like to hear what everyone was thinking.\\xa0 Emma replies, \\u201cOh! No-, no\\u201d.\\xa0 \\u201cUpon no account in the world. It is the very last thing I would stand the brunt of just now.\\xa0 Let me hear anything rather than what you are all thinking of.\\u201d\\xa0 But he doesn\\u2019t stop.\\xa0 He goes on to say this, Garry read it for us,
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\\u201cLadies and gentlemen- I am ordered by Miss Woodhouse to say, that she waves her right of knowing exactly what you may all be thinking of and only requires something very entertaining from each of you, in a general way.\\xa0 Here are seven of you, besides myself, who she is pleased to say, am very entertaining already, and she only demands from each of you either one thing very clever, be it prose or verse, original or repeated- or two things moderately clever- or three things very dull indeed, and she engages to laugh heartily at them all.\\u201d
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Now here\\u2019s the kicker, Emma who is never told what to do by anyone, is being pushed around very uncomfortably.\\xa0 All of this that he is saying, she did not say.\\xa0 She didn\\u2019t order him to do anything.\\xa0 She didn\\u2019t say he was entertaining, and she did not commit to laugh at anything.\\xa0 The only problem is, she doesn\\u2019t know how to handle Frank Churchhill\\u2019s bullying of her.\\xa0 He keeps undermining her, so for the first and last time, I really believe, she picks on the weaker target- Miss Bates.\\xa0 It\\u2019s one of those moments when everyone feels the sting.\\xa0
Garry read Miss Bates lines in your best spinster accent.\\xa0\\xa0
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\\u201cOh very well.\\xa0 Then I need not be uneasy.\\xa0 Three things very dull indeed. That will just do for me, you know.\\xa0 I shall be sure to say three dull things as soon as every I open my mouth, shan\\u2019t I?\\xa0 Do not you all think I shall?\\u201d
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To which Emma says, \\u201cAh ma\\u2019am.\\xa0 But there may be a difficulty.\\xa0 Pardon me- but you will be linited as to number- only three at once.\\u201d
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Of course, Miss Bates is immediately shamed, turns to Knightly and says, \\u201cAh! Well- to be sure.\\xa0 Yes, I see what she means, and I will t ry to hold my tongue.\\xa0 I must make myself very disagreeable, o she would not have said such a thing to an old friend.\\u201d
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Ouch- and of course with that one- even the Eltons get up and walk off.\\xa0 It\\u2019s awful.\\xa0 And later on Knightly addresses this issue with her.\\xa0 He says a lot, but the bottom line is, she bullied someone who was defenseless.\\xa0 I love what her thoughts say, \\u201cShe was vexed beyond what could have been expressed- almost beyond what she could conceal.\\xa0 Never had she felt so agitated, mortified, grieved, at any circumstance in her life.\\xa0 She was most forcibly struck. The truth of his representation there was no denying.\\xa0 She felt it at her heart.\\xa0 How could she have been so brutal, so cruel to Miss Bates!\\xa0 And at the end of this chapter, there are tears running down Emma\\u2019s cheeks.\\xa0 Although, I will say, don\\u2019t let the tears fool you- this is the moment, Emma gets her power.\\xa0 She will not be dominated ever again.\\xa0\\xa0
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Yes- and unlike the many times Emma has vowed to reform her ways, but we were left unconvinced, no one leaves chapter 43 without feeling the shift in her posture, the little girl is gone and the lady has emerged.
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I agree and everything about the end of the novel is Emma cleaning up all the messes she had made by living by reacting to everything else in her world.\\xa0 She has to clean up the Miss Bates mess which she immediately does by trying to do right by Miss Bates.\\xa0 She is forced to clean up the fake romance with Frank Churchill by him admitting his true love for Jane and she admitting she never really did love him.\\xa0 Then we come back to Harriet.\\xa0 Remember, the story starts with Emma breaking up this relationship Harriet has with a man she clearly loves, Robert Martin.\\xa0 At the end of the novel, Harriet confesses that she actually has fallen in love with Knightly and has reason to believe he\\u2019s in love with her.\\xa0 When Emma hears Harrriet\\u2019s confession, she is floored.\\xa0 The text reads, \\u201cTil now that she was threated with its loss, Emma had never known how much of her happiness depended on being first with Mr. Knightley, first in interest and affection.\\xa0 Satisfied that it was so, and feeling it her due, she had enjoyed it without reflection; and only in the dread of being supplanted, found how inexpressibly important it had been\\u2026..She had been first with him for many years past.\\xa0 She had not deserved it; she had often been negligent or persever, slighting his advice, or even wilfully\\u2026..read 384 til very dear?\\u2019\\u2019
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And of course, this is where, although we are reading the narrator going into Emma\\u2019s brain, we once again start to disagree with her understanding of what is going on.\\xa0 Because in one sense, what she is saying is true.\\xa0 It\\u2019s likely she had taken for granted his relationship with her.\\xa0 But, he had done the same. Knightley, although he\\u2019s 12 years older, is not perfect..and in fact, he\\u2019s not perfect now.\\xa0 He\\u2019s run off to his brother\\u2019s house\\u2026he only comes back when he hears that Frank and Jane are engaged and he\\u2019s worried that Emma is upset.\\xa0 In fact, he\\u2019s actually done the same thing as Emma has done- taken HER for granted.\\xa0 His profession of love is sincere, his marriage proposal spontaneous, and I know I am a dude- but I find these lines very heartfelt and very romantic.\\xa0 Christy, I think these lines are worth reading-\\xa0
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I agree
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Page 397
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\\u201cI cannot make speeches, Emma, If I loved you less, I might be able to talk about it more.\\xa0 But you know what I am.\\xa0 You hear nothing but truth from me.\\xa0 I have blamed you, and lectured, you and you have borne it as no other woman in England would have bourne i.t.\\xa0
And of course, Emma is absolutely speechless- we get two pages of just her thoughts.\\xa0 And interestingly enough, Austen doesn\\u2019t tell us her reply.\\xa0 The text said that she spoke.\\xa0 What did she say? Just what she ought of course. A lady always does.\\u201d\\xa0 But she doesn\\u2019t tell us what exactly that was.\\xa0 Emma is allowed privacy from even the audience.\\xa0 And of course, the next couple of chapters is just about the unraveling of all the mysterious and playful plot twists Austen has woven for us.\\xa0 Frank Churchill in a letter that last an entire chapter, reveals his secret engagement with Jane, the fact that that day walking back from the strawberry patch she had broken up with him,
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\\xa0I guess that explains why he\\u2019s so cross and perhaps why he was so flirtatious with Emma the next day.\\xa0\\xa0
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I guess it does.\\xa0 And then of course, we get the grand finale- the birth of a baby girl, and then\\xa0 not one, not two but three weddings.\\xa0 The first- Harriet and Robert Martin- that Emma almost derailed.\\xa0 The second- Jane and Frank- that Mrs. Churchhill would have derailed had she not, to everyone\\u2019s delight, suddenly and tragically died.\\xa0 The third, a wedding Mr. Woodhouse tried very hard and almost derailed.\\xa0 Mr. Woodhouse was not happy about Emma marrying, and even with Mr. Knightley agreeing to move in with them instead of Emma moving to his house, Mr. Woodhouse just couldn\\u2019t adjust to the idea of Emma being married.
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This co-dependency seems almost more than anyone should ever have to agree to, and I can\\u2019t imagine this working out well.
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Well, fortunately we don\\u2019t ever have to know what happens after..all we know is that just as it looked like the wedding was to be called off, there is an poultryhouse incident that sets all aright\\u2026.read to the end of the book\\u2026
Well, there you have it- Eden has been restored.\\xa0 Everyone paired with their virtuous friend- Aristotle would be proud.\\xa0
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\\xa0Austen calls it, \\u201cperfect happiness of the union.\\u201d\\xa0 It\\u2019s what makes her books delightful.\\xa0
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\\xa0It\\u2019s a community of imperfect people- no doubt- but that\\u2019s okay.\\xa0 They are integrated individuals- each being their own person- their foibles make for annoyances, but that\\u2019s what community is about. We leave happy\\u2026and undisturbed.\\xa0\\xa0
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Garry- do you really think so?\\xa0 Are you a jane-ite?
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Well, , I don\\u2019t know if I\\u2019m a Jane-ite, but I have to admit, after I got into it, I really did enjoy this book.
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And to speak in Highbury- I am most very very glad you did.\\xa0\\xa0
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Me too. If you enjoyed this episode, please don\\u2019t forget to give us a rating social media, or your podcast app like podbeam,\\xa0 Spotify or Apple.\\xa0 If you\\u2019re in the business world, you know the internet bosses that reign from on high, like us better if you do.\\xa0 Stop in to see us on intagram, FB, Linked In or Twitter, but most importantly, share an episode with an friend.\\xa0 That\\u2019s how we grow.
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Peace out.
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