Animal Farm - Episode #3 - Propaganda - the art of creating alternative reality - and dictatorships!
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Animal Farm - Episode #3 - Propaganda - the art of creating alternative reality - and dictatorships!
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Script 3- Animal Farm
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HI, I\\u2019m Christy Shriver.
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\\xa0I\\u2019m Garry Shriver, and this is the How to Love Lit Podcast.\\xa0 We are on episode 3 of Orwell\\u2019s classic fairy story- in quotations- or allegorical novella Animal Farm.\\xa0 And although the book is extremely short, it is compact and full of political satire.\\xa0 On week one, we spent most of the episode looking at Orwell\\u2019s life, his perspective of the world and how he formed it.\\xa0 On week two we considered the book as a political allegory on the country of Russia specifically in the context of the Russian revolution.\\xa0 We didn\\u2019t get very far into the story, only through chapter three, but we focused on who each character on the farm was supposed to represent through an almost direct allegorical correlation to a person in real life.\\xa0 Today we are going to change directions and discuss the book in much broader terms while also discussing through chapter 7.
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That\\u2019s correct. \\xa0Today we want to talk about the book as satire.\\xa0 Satire is defined in the Merriam Webster dictionary as a literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn- what does that mean.\\xa0 It means that a person who is writing satire is trying to get you to see something about yourself or the world that is wrong and he\\u2019s trying to hold a mirror up to it.\\xa0 Let me put it this way, and the satirist looks at the world and sees something wrong with it, but he/she believes that because you\\u2019re so used to seeing things as they are- you don\\u2019t notice something that\\u2019s really wrong.\\xa0 So what he does is try to create a piece of art that highlights the flaw he thinks you\\u2019re overlooking.\\xa0 In some ways it serves the same purpose as a sermon in church- he\\u2019s moralizing in some sense.\\xa0 The reason satirists use humor as much as they do is because many times, we are more likely to take their criticism seriously if we can laugh at it.\\xa0 And we\\u2019re less likely to be offended than if they just lectured us.\\xa0 Of course, in America, tv personalities use shows like Saturday Night Live, South Park and even the Simpsons to do this.\\xa0 We have websites like the Onion and Babylon Bee that do this.\\xa0 What you will see immediately, especially in those last wo examples is that all satire is based on OPINION.\\xa0 This is my perspective- consider it, is the concept.
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So then the question becomes how do that do it?
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You\\u2019re right, that is the question.\\xa0 And there are tons of techniques available to them: they use burlesque, chariacture, puns, malapropisms, jargon, irony, hyperbole, defamiliarization, and many others- and many of these are in this little book.\\xa0 We\\u2019re going to look at just a couple of these and show how they are being used in this book and then we\\u2019re going to discuss WHY they are going used.\\xa0 What\\u2019s the big idea he\\u2019s criticizing in this book, in particular these middle sections of the book.\\xa0 And in Orwell\\u2019s case, he begins his satire before he even starts the book with the title.\\xa0 The book is called \\u201cAnimal Farm\\u201d and the subtitle was a fairy story.\\xa0 Now let\\u2019s think about this in terms of satire.\\xa0 What is a fairy tale?\\xa0 It\\u2019s a magical story, it\\u2019s idealized; it ends with a happily ever after.\\xa0 And one thing we all know about fairy tales is that they are not real.\\xa0\\xa0\\xa0 So, what has Orwell done- here we have irony and hyperbole- this is NOT a fairy tale, although it\\u2019s magical in the sense that animals are talking- what he is saying is that socialists want to do is believe in a fairy tale- believe in a lie.\\xa0 What they are telling us can happen is just a fairy tale.\\xa0 It\\u2019s a dream- it\\u2019s fantasy- and not only that- but it ends poorly for us if we believe it.\\xa0 It ends poorly for us if we believe or trust them AT ALL.\\xa0 This subtitle is dripping in irony- this book is the opposite of a dream.\\xa0 It\\u2019s a nightmare.\\xa0 And if you believe in this dream- you are a flat fool.
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This is where we \\u2018re going to get into the middle portion of the book- Orwell is not-so-subtly saying- only the dumbest of blind fools allow themselves to be victimized in the way I\\u2019m about to describe to you.\\xa0 This middle section of the book really is about the power and techniques of propaganda.\\xa0 What we see here is the pigs emerging as the leaders on the farm.\\xa0 They take over- they are trusted with leadership and then spend the rest of their time exploiting everyone else- and how does this happen- through the use of propaganda.\\xa0 \\xa0So, let\\u2019s jump back to satire for a minute.\\xa0 Satire is when he\\u2019s trying to blow something up to get you to see something you\\u2019re blind to.\\xa0 How the satire is going to work here is in large part through hyperbole, defamiliarization and dramatic irony.\\xa0 Hyperbole is when you exxgerrate for the purpose of making a point.\\xa0 Defamiliarization is when you describe something everyone recognizes as if they didn\\u2019t recognize it, and dramatic irony is when the reader of the story knows something the characters in the story don\\u2019t know.\\xa0 And in this book what is going to become painfully obvious to the reader is that the characters don\\u2019t know is that they are being lied to and exploited by the pigs- but they don\\u2019t know it.\\xa0
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So Garry, what is propaganda, and what is going on in the real world that parallels Animal farm?
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As a general concept propaganda can be defined as information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.\\xa0 And obviously our world is FULL of it and we\\u2019re extremely used to seeing it.\\xa0 For example, if I want to sell you potato chips- I might describe it as \\u201csugar free\\u201d, and a vegetable.\\xa0 Although both of those things are true, it\\u2019s misleading.\\xa0 I\\u2019ve made them sound almost like a diet product.\\xa0 You should never eat potato chips for the purposes of dieting and losing weight because in this case what I am not saying is that they are fried, full of cholesterol and a carb.\\xa0 And in my example, I\\u2019m not even lying- and what we\\u2019re going to see is that lots of propaganda starts with misleading but goes farther and farther into flat out lies.\\xa0
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Historically- of course, Hitler really stunned the world with his masterful use of propaganda, but Stalin was just as good as master.\\xa0 However, and what we see in Animal Farm, once he fools you long enough to get the chains around you- he tries less and less to lie to you and just makes you submit.\\xa0
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So, let\\u2019s take a look.\\xa0 In a historical sense, the propaganda strategies the communist used started with Lenin or in our book old major.\\xa0 One thng you must remember about propaganda is that it relies on you turning off the logical part of your brain.\\xa0 The propagandist wants you to act emotionally- not logically- so every one of these strategies is meant to short-curcuit your thinking process and get you to react emotionally rather than logically-= so back to Old Major What did he do that propagandists do
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- He introduces slogans- and what do slogans do- they are short little phrases that everyone can remember that makes us feel something- \\u201cAll men are evil! All animals are comrades\\u201d.
- He also introduces this idea of \\u201cflag waving\\u201d= flag waving is the use of patriotism as a way of getting people to kind of line up and doing what you want. He teaches everyone \\u201cBeasts of England\\u201d and what you\\u2019re going to see is that they will sing this song every week until Napoleon has totally taken over total control in chapter 7 and he doesn\\u2019t need it anymore. \\xa0\\xa0Flag Waving, btw, is a strategy every country does in times of war, and I\\u2019m not trying to say it\\u2019s bad to wave the flag and be patriotic- it\\u2019s not bad.\\xa0 Everyone should feel pride in their country and work to make it as great a place as they possibly can- that\\u2019s hatleast most of us do- that love of country is something that can be. Manipulated.\\xa0 People can use our love of country against us- and we\\u2019re going to see this is definitely the case on Animal Farm.
- The third thing that Old Major does which may go unnoticed is he uses this strategy we call \\u201cplain folks\\u201d-the \\u201cplain folks\\u201d propaganda strategy is when a leader says he\\u2019s \\u201cjust like you\\u201d when he\\u2019s clearly not. We see politicians do this all the time, \\u201cthey put on their blue jeans and go out and get their picture taken in a fast food restaurant, on a farm or in a factory when really they are millionaires who have never done a days work of physical labor in their lives. \\xa0But they want you to believe they can identify with you.\\xa0 Old Major is the elite on the farm. He is described as a \\u201cprize-winning boar\\u201d He is over 12 years old and has sired over 400 baby pigs\\u201d- yet he speaks as \\u201cone of the people\\u201d.\\xa0 He\\u2019s going to claim I can identify with you and I\\u2019m one of you.\\xa0 This is a trick the pigs do for the rest of the book.\\xa0
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So, now that we have a general idea of what propaganda is and how it works, let\\u2019s open up the book back to chapter three and kind of trace what\\u2019s going on as Orwell unfolds this story and the obvious Russian parallels in real time. \\xa0\\xa0
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First of all we have the pigs- who don\\u2019t actually work- they supervise with their \\u201csuperior knowledge\\u201d
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We see Boxer with his slogan \\u201cI will work harder\\u201d
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And we see the slogans and \\u201cflag waving\\u201d with the hoisting of the green flag on Sundays, the \\u201cMeeting\\u201d where everyone got their instructions for the week but that always ended with the singing of the Beasts of England.
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We also see a maxim emerging that snowball introduces, \\u201cFour legs good, two legs bad.\\u201d\\xa0 This is another technique called \\u201crepetition\\u201d which seems kind of simple but actually is extremely effective.\\xa0 The idea is the more you hear something the less likely you are to question whether it is true or not.\\xa0 It\\u2019s why advertisers pay for you to see something over and over and over and over again- the more you repeat something the more likely it is to be true.\\xa0 Of course, if we sit and think about that- that makes no sense, but remember, propaganda is 100% designed to short-circuit the thinking process.\\xa0 It\\u2019s supposed to shut down YOUR thinking and let me tell you what to think.\\xa0
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In chapter 4 of Animal Farm, mr. Jones has run off to the other farms and we see the animals trying to spread their philosophy to the animals of those farms via pigeons.\\xa0 This of course is Russia\\u2019s attempt to spread communism- the song \\u201cBeasts of England\\u201d starts floating around the other farms and, of course the farmers fight back with their own propaganda- spreading rumors that Animal farm animals practice cannibalism, but also shutting down anyone caught singing Beats of England.\\xa0 The big deal in chapter 4 is the Battle of the Cowshed- which of course when the other farmers tried to take back Animal Farm for Mr. Jones- but they\\u2019re fought off by the animals.\\xa0 I do want to note that Boxer is a good guy. He hurts a human and feels bad about it.\\xa0 He never wants to turn anyone, and that\\u2019s something we\\u2019re going to see throughout.\\xa0 Garry, before we get back to propaganda, tell us what event did that parallel in actual history.
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Sure, and we could go a lot into this, but we don\\u2019t have time to- but this, of course is the famous Russian Civil War- as the book goes on it\\u2019s going to become really obvious that Mr. Frederick is supposed to be the Germans and Mr. Pilkington is supposed to be the British and Americans.\\xa0 Now, what we know about this period of time is that the Germans are fighting the British/Americans and after the Revolution the Germans kind of shouldered the Russians out of the war.\\xa0
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but we have the last remnants of the anti-bolsheviks (the white army) trying to fight the communists (the red army)- the white Army is kind of what is left of landowners, middle class people, monarchists, that sort of group- they are really no match for the gigantic working class
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\\xa0 By 1922 the civil war was over and the Soviet state is firmly established.
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\\xa0All the old guard could do is what Mollie did and that\\u2019s run away.\\xa0 Another thing that happened in the Russian Civil War that is accurately depicted and highlighted in Animal Farm\\xa0 is that Trotsky or Snowball emerges as a military hero.\\xa0 That\\u2019s kind of a big deal and problem that Stalin has to deal with.\\xa0 In real life, Stalin was appointed the General Secretary of the Communist Party (Lenin actually regretted doing this).\\xa0 He uses his position to make himself a political force and oust Trotsky out completely.\\xa0 In Animal Farm we see this through the argument over the windmill.\\xa0 The windmill, depending on who\\u2019s opinion you want to read could represent the spread of communism itself or it could represent industrialization or the industrial revolution.\\xa0 I tend to see it more as industrialization, but either way- what we see is that Napoleon and Snowball are constantly arguing over it.\\xa0 And everyone else is just watching.\\xa0 Napoleon clearly wants to take charge-
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And brings us back to Propaganda in chapter five- I was going to talk about this next week, but I will bring it up now- people disagree as to who exactly is the protagonist in this book- if you think this book is primarily about Napoleon or Stalin and how he rises to power- then the climax of the book takes place now in chapter five- if you think this book is about the people or Boxer, then the climax is going to come later. I think it\\u2019s nice to look at it both ways, actually- and if you have to write an essay on this book- that would be a nice one- But for now, let\\u2019s think of this book as being about Napoleon- Stalin or any other Totalitarian leader.\\xa0 Because in this chapter he\\u2019s going to totally seize control, and he\\u2019s going to use propaganda to do it.\\xa0
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So in chapter five, as you\\u2019ve already stated, Mollie runs off. She\\u2019s out.\\xa0 The sheep are full on bleating \\u201cFour legs good, two legs bad\\u201d non-stop- slogans.\\xa0 And if you notice, they do this on cue every time Snowball tries to say anything.\\xa0 This, of course, is something we see in political discourse today.\\xa0 If the other side is making a cogent argument of any kind, we just get protestors to go outside and bleat out vacuous nothing accusations over and over and over again hoping to drown out any logical or reasoned discourse.\\xa0
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We do need to introduce what I think is THE most powerful propaganda tool there is- and that is fear!\\xa0 I see this in the real world more than anything else and of course we see it here.\\xa0 Fear, as use by a propagandist is used actually in two ways.\\xa0 And ultimately it\\u2019s Napoleon\\u2019s use of terror and fear that gets him to win control at the farm.\\xa0 Snowball is a much more eloquent speaker- even if what he talks about is probably not possible- it\\u2019s still a lovely dream.\\xa0 He talks about how the windmill is going to make life wonderful.\\xa0 It\\u2019s going to bring electricity, and easier life with a three day work week.\\xa0 Napoleon can\\u2019t compete with that, but he has an Ace in the hole. He\\u2019s been training up these puppies- and they are loyal to him.\\xa0 At the point where he sees he\\u2019s going to lose the political war- he launches a full on terror attack on Snowball.\\xa0 And he violently runs him off.\\xa0 Now at first that doesn\\u2019t seem like a propaganda strategy, but it is.\\xa0 Because everyone is watching.\\xa0 Now everyone is filled with terror.
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You\\u2019re exactly right- you could be next.\\xa0 This, of course, is an obvious representation to the kGB and the NKVD, or the Russian secret police.\\xa0 The KGB terrorized the world.
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And this use of terror is extremely effective, but it\\u2019s not the only way to use fear- it can also be used psychologically andIt\\u2019s used psychologically and Napoloen will use Squealer his voice-box- to scare the animals into submission for the rest of the book.\\xa0
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We haven\\u2019t highlighted Squealer\\u2019s role as chief propaganda agent- but obviously that\\u2019s what he is.\\xa0 He\\u2019s got a great name \\u201cSqualer\\u201d because that\\u2019s exactly what he does- he squeals.\\xa0 And here we see him doing what propagandist do- he\\u2019s going to rewrite history the way he wants it to be and then repeat the new version as many times as necessary until we can\\u2019t remember what actually happened.
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The psychological term for this is \\u2018gaslighting\\u201d and people do it all the time.\\xa0 The problem Napoleon had was the Snowball was a war-hero- Christy, read for us how Squealer changes the history for the animals
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I\\u2019ll read page 50-51
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So here we see the commonly practiced propaganda technique called \\u201cassertion\\u201d- that\\u2019s when you just say something so strongly you make it true by the authority of your assertion, Squealer says, \\u201cSnowball, as we now know, was no better than a criminal.\\u201d\\xa0 Well, of course, nobody knew that to be true, but he says it so emphaticially it must be.\\xa0
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Well, they try to argue with him, but he\\u2019s rewritten the history for them.\\xa0
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And that\\u2019s what gas-lighting is.\\xa0 They question their version of the truth because Squealer seems so sure of his.\\xa0 And he\\u2019s smarter.\\xa0 He\\u2019s in authority. \\xa0Who am I to question this authority.\\xa0
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And then we\\u2019re back to fear- he says this line and he uses it for the rest of the book, \\u201cSurely, comrades, you do not want Jones to come back.\\u201d\\xa0 And this shuts down the argument because if they know aythng- they know they don\\u2019t want Jones to Come back.\\xa0
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And of course- this is going to be the line that carries Boxer back to work grind.\\xa0 He\\u2019s going to work harder.\\xa0 Because the harder he works, the less likely Mr. Jones is to come back.
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By the end of chapter 5- Napoleon has rewritten history completely, the windmill was to be built afer all, Napoleon had never been opposed to it and actually it was HIS plan and never snowballs.\\xa0 In fact Snowball is now a \\u201cdangerous character and a bad influence\\u201d.\\xa0
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This technique plays on cognitive dissonance- talk about this a little- how people manipulate
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the state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes, especially as relating to behavioral decisions and attitude change.
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Cognitive dissonance \\u2013 confronted with to competing views that be accurate and you have to chose one. It\\u2019s a disconnect
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And let me bring it back to satire for a moment- by this point in the book a reader is supposed to be really angry.\\xa0 Through the use of dramatic irony, everyone reading knows the animals are at.horrible- and this is Orwell saying- see, this is what is going on in real life that YOU CAN\\u2019T SEE.\\xa0 You\\u2019re being lied to by people in authority.\\xa0 You are being gas-lighted. They are using your patriotism against you.\\xa0 They\\u2019re using slogans and stupid non-sensical bleating of protests to shut down dialogue.\\xa0 Don\\u2019t you see- this is the real world.\\xa0 They are rewriting your past.\\xa0 Rewriting your history books.\\xa0 Rewriitng your recent memory- today we are for one people and the arguments used to defend one line of behavior, if the person in on the other side of a political issue will be used to defend something totally opposite.\\xa0 He\\u2019s saying- you live on ANIMAL FARM you dumb horse.\\xa0 Stop saying \\u201cNapoleon is always right\\u201d or whoever you follow.\\xa0
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Chapter six opens up with the phrase All that year the animals worked like slaves.\\u201d\\xa0\\u2013 but of course- the reader by this point clearly understands that the animals ARE slaves.
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Back to chapter 6- we do see strong historical parallels with Stalins first decisions as leader of the USSR to do these things he called Five-Year Plans- the first one starte in 1928- the plan was to modernize the country and catch it up to the rest of the West- and of course, everyone wanted that.\\xa0 However, going hand in hand with that was his decision to collective agriculture.\\xa0 He thought he could increase production by moving to large-scare farms and brigning all the peasants under his control.\\xa0 Bascially this meant, that everyone would be working for the government- and once you do that- the government did what we all know people naturally do with no competition- they squeazed the people for more work and less money.\\xa0 The plan also did what everyone knows happens when you make something a function of government instead of private enterprise- the quality and quantity of services took a nose-dive.\\xa0 By 1931, Russia was living in a famine and millions of Russians peasants died.\\xa0 Stalin did little to help the people.\\xa0 It was truly horrible.\\xa0 Christy, this is something you saw a little bit of when you went to Kazakhstan, tell us about collectivist living and what you saw when you went ther.
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Talk about Bread lines, shops, restaurants with no one in them and no merchandise- no incentive to sell when you had warehouses full of stuff and the emergence of the black market.\\xa0
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Of course, by the time I got to the USSR, the curtain and fallen and things were improving.\\xa0 But what we saw was that things weren\\u2019t as they were portrayed to be- or what the west thought they were.\\xa0 I, at least, didn\\u2019t know about all of that.\\xa0
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Well, of course, you didn\\u2019t- and this was intentional and something Orwell showcases in Animal Farm.\\xa0 In chapter 7, what we have is\\xa0 Orwell\\u2019s representations of shortages of supplies in Russia.\\xa0 But what we also have is Stalin\\u2019s deliberate attempt to conceal this from the outside world.\\xa0 Propaganda now is full-on un-adulterated deceit.\\xa0 I\\u2019m not trying to just slant things to my point of view- I\\u2019m totally lying about reality.\\xa0 We see this with the \\u2018empty-bins of food.\\xa0 Whymper, this guy from the outside world, is taken around Animal Farm and shown bins of food that don\\u2019t actually have grain in them.\\xa0 They have sand in them with just a li ttle bit of grain on the top because no one wants the outside world to know they are starving.\\xa0
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Yes, by chapter 7, life on animal farm is horrible.\\xa0 Chapter 6 is awful and a culmination of every propaganda technique Orwell could fit in it juxtaposed with the most horrific expression of violence he could possibly fit into the short chapter.\\xa0
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Exactly- what we had in history has been called the \\u201cGreat Purge\\u201d.\\xa0 This took place between 1936-1938.\\xa0 Stalin executed or sent to Gulag labor camps anyone he thought was a threat- and that ended up being quite a lot of people.\\xa0 He had these things people have called the \\u201cMoscow Show Trials\\u201d which is kind of what we see here.\\xa0 Most experts say that the number was upward of 750,000 people brutally murdered with over a million sent to Gulags.\\xa0
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On the farm, the issue is that Napoleon wants to sell the chickens eggs and they don\\u2019t want to give them up.\\xa0 They try to rebel and they\\u2019re starved.\\xa0 That\\u2019s when we start seeing all the propaganda.\\xa0 Snowball is said to be coming aournd the farm and eferything that happens that\\u2019s bad is blamed on Snowball (this of course, is what we call scape-goating- everything is this one person or one group\\u2019s fault)-\\xa0 Once it\\u2019s determined that everything is Snowball\\u2019s fault- it doesn\\u2019t matter what happens, the blame will somehow end up on snowball.\\xa0 Squealer is going to clearly establish this as a fear technique \\u201cComrades\\u2019 a most terrible thing has been discovered.\\xa0 Snowball has sold himself to Federick of Pinchfield Farm who is even now plotting ot attack us and take our farm away from us!- continue reading on botton of page 71\\u201d\\u2026history is being rewritten- Snowball is right up there with mr. jones.\\xa0 This chapter is sooo sad.\\xa0 There is so much blood shed.\\xa0 There is so much sadness..but look at Boxer. He draws all the wrong conclusions, as the outside reader can see.
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This is cognitive dissonance- \\u201cThe solution is, I will work harder.\\u201d\\xa0 What abused people always say- if only I had done more.\\xa0 I will work harder- but the exploiter as we will see, will do everything he can to keep you in that line of thinking- at this point in the story- Napoleon has complete control and he\\u2019s not even trying to perpetuate a dream anymore.\\xa0 He\\u2019s abolished the beautiful song Beasts of England and replaced it with this song that sends a totally different message, \\u201cAnimal Farm, Animal Farm, Never through me shalt thou come to harm.\\u201d
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Discuss that for a sec,. \\xa0- a definite shift from promoting the group of all animals to promoting the state and it\\u2019s power.
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We haven\\u2019t had time to bring up the commandments- by by chapter eight, they have all basically been rewritten.\\xa0 History has been revised so totally, no one can even remember.\\xa0 Everyone seemed to remember that at one time there was a commandment that said, \\u201cNo animal shall kill any other animal\\u201d, but now it seems they were mistaken- \\u201cNo animal shall kill any other animal \\xa0without cause.\\u201d\\xa0 Orwell says it this way, \\u201cSomehow or other,the last two words had slipped out of the animals memory.\\u201d\\xa0 And this of course is dramatic irony- in the reader\\u2019s mind, you\\u2019re supposed to be screaming \\u201cNO YOU GOOFY ANIMAL- IT DIDN\\u2019T SLIP YOUR MIND. WAKE UP- YOU\\u2019RE BEING LIED TO!!\\u201d\\xa0 But the animals are not going to wake up.\\xa0 And if you\\u2019re a careful reader, you may even remember that this is a fairy tale- and by this point- you know- there will NOT be a happy ending.\\xa0 This is no fairy tale.\\xa0 It\\u2019s a fraud. The animals have allowed themselves to be enslaved and they don\\u2019t even know it because of their naivite and totally lack of understanding of some basic strategies of propaganda.\\xa0 Shall we review what these are;
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Absolutely- Although I will say, we\\u2019ve highlighted some but there are others we should probably mention even if we don\'t have time to go into them-
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But here we go- there\\u2019s the use of slogans, flag-waving, \\u201cplain folks\\u201d, name-calling, scapegoating, assertion, bandwagon, repetition, rewriting history, and most importantly-fear- both physically and psychologically.\\xa0
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All of these- basically getting you to not think logivlly but only emotionally and allowing your decisions to be made for you by someone who you trust. It\\u2019s exploitation on a personal level, a community level and here we see it on a global level.\\xa0
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What Orwell defined as freedom of speech
\\u201cIf liberty means anything at all it means the right to tell people what they do not wish to hear.\\u201d2
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The book covers 26 years of actusl history 1917-1943
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Secondly of all he uses what we call \\u201cBandwagon\\u201d \\u2013 everyone is thinking this, everyone is doing this so if you don\\u2019t believe or do this you\\u2019re a weirdo.\\xa0 For example, if I say, \\u201cAll cool people like pizza\\u2019- and if you don\\u2019t, you may pretend you do- because you don\\u2019t want to be an uncool person.
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Freytag\\u2019s pyramid-
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Climax
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Inciting incident- Jones forgets to feed the animals
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Rising action- rebellion is success, animals drive off humans, create animalism,
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Battle of cowshed
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Quarrel about the windmill
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Napoleon sets his dogs on Snowball
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First interpretation- chapter 5- when Napoleon ceases power
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Second interpretation- boxer\\u2019s death
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Falling action- the consequences
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Denouement- end of chapter 9- animals believe everything and pigs powers is absolute-
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There\\u2019s a gap of a long time- years later before chapter 10 pigs have same status as humans
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Battle of Cowshed- Russian Civil War
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Britain and Germany worried about Russia
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Britain actually supported the bolshevisk
Pilkington- Britain
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Windmill- industrial revolution- Stalin promised to lead the Russian into the Induatrail fevolution
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He had a series of five year plans
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The propagsnda machine was there to convince the people that he was right
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In last part- discuss Muriel
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