The present work follows a course of analytical description, formulation development, and practical application of (NF-κB decoy oligonucleotide-loaded) gelatin nanoparticles. The introduction of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) in the analysis of colloidal drug carrier systems was exemplarily described for gelatin nanoparticles (CHAPTER I), stable freeze-dried formulations of empty and oligonucleotide loaded gelatin nanoparticles were successfully developed (CHAPTER II), and gelatin nanoparticles were proven as effective tool for the targeted delivery of an NF-κB decoy oligonucleotide to Kupffer cells within a hepatic ischemia reperfusion rat model (CHAPTER III).