Vai genoma redigesana palidzes radit augus, kuriem nevajag pesticidus?
b'CRISPR-Cas19 genoma redi\\u0123\\u0113\\u0161anas metode pal\\u012bdz\\u0113s slim\\u012bbu nov\\u0113r\\u0161an\\u0101 un \\u0101rst\\u0113\\u0161an\\u0101, t\\u0101 apgalvo \\u0123en\\u0113ti\\u0137i. Bet, k\\u0101 genoma redi\\u0123\\u0113\\u0161ana izpaud\\u012bsies augu pasaul\\u0113? Vai CRISPR pal\\u012bdz\\u0113s rad\\u012bt augus, kuriem nevajag pestic\\u012bdus un kas sp\\u0113s iztur\\u0113t klimata p\\u0101rmai\\u0146as, analiz\\u0113 Latvijas Universit\\u0101tes Biolo\\u0123ijas fakult\\u0101tes profesors Nils Rostoks.\\n\\nPag\\u0101ju\\u0161\\u0101 gadsimta vid\\u016b D\\u017eeimss Votsons un Fr\\u0101nsiss Kriks atkl\\u0101ja DNS strukt\\u016bru. Tagad jau m\\u0113s zin\\u0101m, ka DNS molekulu veido nukleot\\u012bdi, kas savstarp\\u0113ji savienoti gar\\u0101s virkn\\u0113s un rada dubultspir\\u0101li. Turkl\\u0101t \\u0161aj\\u0101 spir\\u0101l\\u0113 nukleot\\u012bda sast\\u0101vda\\u013cas draudz\\u0113jas noteiktos p\\u0101ros \\u2013 aden\\u012bns ar tim\\u012bnu, bet citoz\\u012bns ar guan\\u012bnu. K\\u0101p\\u0113c tas ir svar\\u012bgi? To v\\u0113rt\\u012bgi patur\\u0113t pr\\u0101t\\u0101, lai lab\\u0101k saprastu, kas notiek g\\u0113nu redi\\u0123\\u0113\\u0161anas laik\\u0101.\\n\\n2020. gad\\u0101 Nobela pr\\u0113mija \\u0137\\u012bmij\\u0101 tika pie\\u0161\\u0137irta par g\\u0113nu redi\\u0123\\u0113\\u0161anas tehnolo\\u0123iju, kas paz\\u012bstama k\\u0101 \\u201cCRISPR-Cas9\\u201d jeb DNS \\u201c\\u0161\\u0137\\u0113res\\u201d. Genoma jeb g\\u0113nu redi\\u0123\\u0113\\u0161ana ir bijis sens zin\\u0101tnieku sapnis, kam pirms\\u0101kumi mekl\\u0113jami pag\\u0101ju\\u0161\\u0101 gadsimta 80. gados. K\\u0101 tad \\u0161is sapnis ir p\\u0101rv\\u0113rties \\u012bsten\\u012bb\\u0101 un vai DNS \\u201c\\u0161\\u0137\\u0113res\\u201d pal\\u012bdz\\u0113tu m\\u016bsu ikdienu padar\\u012bt lab\\u0101ku ar augstv\\u0113rt\\u012bg\\u0101ku p\\u0101rtiku, iztur\\u012bg\\u0101kiem kult\\u016braugiem un varb\\u016bt v\\u0113l k\\u0101diem labumiem?\\n\\nGraudaugu slim\\u012bba \\u2013 fuzarioze \\u2013 visvair\\u0101k apdraud kvie\\u0161us\\n\\nKvie\\u0161us un ar\\u012b p\\u0101r\\u0113jos graudaugus aug\\u0161anas perioda laik\\u0101 apdraud visda\\u017e\\u0101d\\u0101k\\u0101s s\\u0113n\\u012b\\u0161u slim\\u012bbas. Viena no graudaugu slim\\u012bbu grup\\u0101m ir fuzarioze, kas augos veido ind\\u012bgas vielas \\u2013 mikotoks\\u012bnus. K\\u0101 \\u0161\\u012b slim\\u012bba izpau\\u017eas kvie\\u0161u graudos, cik liel\\u0101 m\\u0113r\\u0101 t\\u0101 apdraud laukus un cik liel\\u0101 m\\u0113r\\u0101 cilv\\u0113kus,\\xa0 skaidro Agroresursu un ekonomikas instit\\u016bta Laukaugu selekcijas un \\u0123en\\u0113tikas noda\\u013cas p\\u0113tniece Vija Strazdi\\u0146a.\\n\\nKvie\\u0161us un ar\\u012b p\\u0101r\\u0113jos graudaugus \\u2013 rudzus, tritik\\u0101li, mie\\u017eus, auzas, kukur\\u016bzu\\xa0 un ar\\u012b ka\\u0146epes \\u2013 aug\\u0161anas laik\\u0101 apdraud visda\\u017e\\u0101d\\u0101k\\u0101s s\\u0113n\\u012b\\u0161u slim\\u012bbas, un pasaul\\u0113, tostarp ar\\u012b Latvij\\u0101, palielinoties kvie\\u0161u plat\\u012bb\\u0101m, palielin\\u0101s ar\\u012b viena no \\u0161o graudaugu slim\\u012bb\\u0101m \\u2013 fuzarioze. \\u0160\\u012bs slim\\u012bbas ierosin\\u0101t\\u0101jas ir mikroskopisk\\u0101s s\\u0113nes, kas noteiktos mitruma un temperat\\u016bras apst\\u0101k\\u013cos veido ind\\u012bgas vielas \\u2013 mikotoks\\u012bnus.\\xa0 Ar min\\u0113to s\\u0113n\\u012bti Latvijas laukos var infic\\u0113ties visas min\\u0113t\\u0101s graudaugu sugas, bet visb\\u012bsta\\xadm\\u0101\\xadk\\u0101 t\\u0101 ir kvie\\u0161iem un mie\\u017eiem, atz\\u012bst Agroresursu un ekonomikas instit\\u016bta Laukaugu selekcijas un \\u0123en\\u0113tikas noda\\u013cas p\\u0113tniece Vija Strazdi\\u0146a.\\n\\nK\\u0101 st\\u0101sta Vija Strazdi\\u0146a, tad fuzarioze rada iev\\u0113rojamus ekonomiskos zaud\\u0113jumus laukkopjiem un lopkopjiem, jo ar \\u0161o s\\u0113n\\u012bti infic\\u0113ti graudaugi ir b\\u012bstami k\\u0101 dz\\u012bvnieku, t\\u0101 cilv\\u0113ku vesel\\u012bbai. T\\u0101 izraisa gremo\\u0161anas un zarnu trakta trauc\\u0113jumus, galvas s\\u0101pes, reiboni un drudzi, nieru slim\\u012bbas, var nom\\u0101kt imunit\\u0101ti, bet mums nav pamata satraukumam par infic\\u0113\\u0161anos ar\\xa0 \\u0161o kvie\\u0161u slim\\u012bbu.\\n\\nVien\\u012bg\\u0101 izeja, k\\u0101 var c\\u012bn\\u012bties ar sek\\u0101m, ja nov\\u0101kto graudu krav\\u0101 ir konstat\\u0113ta fuzarioze, ir \\u0161os graudus sadedzin\\u0101t, jo nekur citur tie vairs nav lietojami un zem\\u0113 aprakti kait\\u012bgie mikotosk\\u012bni ir sp\\u0113j\\u012bgi izdz\\u012bvot. Vija Strazdi\\u0146a bilst, ka p\\u0113t\\u012bjumos par fuzariozes izplat\\u012bbu secin\\u0101ts, ka Latvij\\u0101\\xa0 t\\u0101 nem\\u0113dz b\\u016bt b\\u012bstama, tom\\u0113r inv\\u0101zijas gad\\u012bjum\\u0101 sp\\u0113j iev\\u0113rojami pazemin\\u0101t graudu kvalit\\u0101ti un ra\\u017eas lielumu.'