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b'Putni ir tik at\\u0161\\u0137ir\\u012bgi no z\\u012bd\\u012bt\\u0101jiem, ka nav p\\u0101rsteigums, ka putni ar\\u012b at\\u0161\\u0137ir\\u012bgi\\xa0sao\\u017e, saklausa, izgar\\u0161o un satausta pasauli sev apk\\u0101rt. Ne viens vien ir br\\u012bn\\u012bjies, k\\u0101 putni tik \\u0101tri aizm\\u016bk, cilv\\u0113kam tuvojoties, k\\u0101 tie sp\\u0113j sp\\u0113j saklaus\\u012bt savu partneri pat kilometru att\\u0101lim\\u0101.\\xa0K\\u0101das ma\\u0146as ir att\\u012bst\\u012btas putnu pasaul\\u0113, atkl\\u0101j Latvijas Ornitolo\\u0123ijas biedr\\u012bbas valdes priek\\u0161s\\u0113d\\u0113t\\u0101js, ornitologs Viesturs \\u0136erus.\\n\\n"M\\u0113s, cilv\\u0113ki, vair\\u0101k dz\\u012bvojam putnu pasaul\\u0113, nek\\u0101 p\\u0101r\\u0113jo z\\u012bd\\u012bt\\u0101ju pasaul\\u0113, jo t\\u0101s svar\\u012bg\\u0101s manas mums ir kaut k\\u0101d\\u0101 m\\u0113r\\u0101 l\\u012bdz\\u012bgas. Taj\\u0101 pa\\u0161a laik\\u0101, lai ar\\u012b p\\u0101rkl\\u0101jas, t\\u0101 ir vi\\u0146u pasaule un mums, kas dz\\u012bvo paral\\u0113l\\u0101 pasaul\\u0113, ir \\u013coti gr\\u016bti izprast putnu pasauli, t\\u0101 ir sare\\u017e\\u0123\\u012bti p\\u0113t\\u0101ma," atz\\u012bst Viesturs \\u0136erus.\\n\\n"Cik zin\\u0101m \\u0161obr\\u012bd putniem ir pamat\\u0101 t\\u0101s pa\\u0161as ma\\u0146as, kas cilv\\u0113kiem, bet v\\u0113l kl\\u0101t n\\u0101k sp\\u0113ja sajust magn\\u0113tisko lauku. Tas ir, cik m\\u0113s zin\\u0101m \\u0161obr\\u012bd. Var gad\\u012bties, ka ir k\\u0101das ma\\u0146as, kas mums neien\\u0101k pr\\u0101t\\u0101, jo t\\u0101 tom\\u0113r vi\\u0146u pasaule," skaidro Viesturs \\u0136erus.\\n\\nPutni j\\u016bt magn\\u0113tisko lauku un izmanto to orient\\u0101cijai ne tikai t\\u0101los p\\u0101rlidojumos, bet ar\\u012b tuv\\u0101kos m\\u0113rogos. K\\u0101ds ornitologs esot teicis, ka putniem ir karte uz kn\\u0101bja un kompass ac\\u012b.\\n\\n"\\u0160obr\\u012bd zin\\u0101ms, ka putnam ir divas sist\\u0113mas, ar kur\\u0101m vi\\u0146\\u0161 uztver magn\\u0113tisko lauku \\u2013 viena ir magn\\u0113tisk\\u0101 lauka sp\\u0113ka l\\u012bnijas, t\\u0101tad kompass, kas \\u013cauj putnam pateikt, vai vi\\u0146\\u0161 dodas virzien\\u0101 un polu vai ekvatoru. Tas b\\u016btu tas kompass ac\\u012b. M\\u016bsdien\\u0101s ir izp\\u0113t\\u012bts, ka, visticam\\u0101k, putni redz \\u0161\\u012bs magn\\u0113tisk\\u0101 lauka sp\\u0113ka l\\u012bni\\u012bjas," analiz\\u0113 Viesturs \\u0136erus.\\n\\n"Kas attiecas uz karti uz kn\\u0101bja, tika uzskat\\u012bts, ka kn\\u0101b\\u012b atrodas magnet\\u012bda [dzelzs oks\\u012bda] da\\u013ci\\u0146as, kas \\u013cauj uztvert magn\\u0113tisk\\u0101 lauka intensit\\u0101ti un prec\\u012bz\\u0101k noteikt putna atra\\u0161an\\u0101s vietu. Vai \\u0161\\u012b karte tie\\u0161\\u0101m ir kn\\u0101b\\u012b, par to ir pretrun\\u012bgi secin\\u0101jumi. \\u0160obr\\u012bd izskat\\u0101s, ka, visticam\\u0101k, j\\u0101, bet k\\u0101 tie\\u0161i tas str\\u0101d\\u0101, tas joproj\\u0101m nav skaidrs," turpina Viesturs \\u0136erus.\\xa0\\n\\nKn\\u0101bis ir ar\\u012b b\\u016btisks k\\u0101 taustes org\\u0101ns, sevi\\u0161\\u0137i brid\\u0113jputniem. Ar kn\\u0101bi var m\\u0113\\u0123in\\u0101t ar\\u012b bar\\u012bbu saost. Kn\\u0101bis der ar\\u012b gar\\u0161as saju\\u0161anai.\\n\\nIlgi vald\\u012bja uzskats, ka putniem o\\u017eas nav. Jo vair\\u0101k ir p\\u0113t\\u012bjumi, jo vair\\u0101k redzams, ka putniem o\\u017ea ir un to izmanto ar\\u012b bar\\u012bbas samekl\\u0113\\u0161anai.\\n\\n"Ir p\\u0113t\\u012bjums, kas par\\u0101da, ka z\\u012bl\\u012btes atrod bar\\u012bbu p\\u0113c smar\\u017eas, vi\\u0146as sao\\u017e k\\u0101puru sagrauzt\\u0101s skujas un zina, ka tur b\\u016bs k\\u0101puri, ko ap\\u0113st," bilst Viesturs \\u0136erus. "Ar\\u012b baltie st\\u0101r\\u0137i sao\\u017e tikko p\\u013cautu z\\u0101li, vi\\u0146i zina, ka tur var lidot, jo tur b\\u016bs da\\u017e\\u0101di rad\\u012bjumi, ko ap\\u0113st."\\n\\nV\\u0113tras bur\\u0101t\\u0101js var bar\\u012bbu saost l\\u012bdz pat 12 kilometru att\\u0101lum\\u0101. J\\u016bras putniem o\\u017ea ir ar\\u012b svar\\u012bga orient\\u0101cijai.\\n\\n"Iesp\\u0113jams, o\\u017ea ir svar\\u012bga, un tur ir v\\u0113l pretrun\\u012bgi p\\u0113t\\u012bjumi, sauszmes putniem migr\\u0101cijai. Vi\\u0146iem ir ne tikai magn\\u0113stisk\\u0101s kartes, bet ar\\u012b smar\\u017eu kartes migr\\u0101cijai, lai zin\\u0101tu, kur lidot," st\\u0101sta Viesturs \\u0136erus.\\n\\n"M\\u0101jas strazdi ligzdu materi\\u0101l\\u0101, kas p\\u0101rsvar\\u0101 ir no sausas z\\u0101les, iepin da\\u017e\\u0101das smar\\u017e\\u012bgas z\\u0101l\\u012btes. Vi\\u0146i sao\\u017e, ka tas ir pareizais ligzdas materi\\u0101ls. K\\u0101p\\u0113c vi\\u0146i t\\u0101 dara, v\\u0113l tiek p\\u0113t\\u012bts, viens, lai\\xa0 iepatiktos draudzenei, otrs - smar\\u017e\\u012bg\\u0101s vielas var pal\\u012bdz\\u0113t putnu mazu\\u013ciem c\\u012b\\u0146\\u0101 pret da\\u017e\\u0101diem kukai\\u0146iem," atkl\\u0101j Viesturs \\u0136erus.\\n\\nV\\u0113l izp\\u0113t\\u012bts, ka putnu d\\u0101mas iesmar\\u017ein\\u0101s. Tas izp\\u0113t\\u012bts par me\\u017eap\\u012bl\\u0113m, bet, iesp\\u0113jams, t\\u0101 ir popul\\u0101ra lieta.\\n\\n"Kam\\u0113r t\\u0113vi\\u0146iem j\\u0101izr\\u0101d\\u0101s ar smalkiem t\\u0113rpiem, tikm\\u0113r m\\u0101t\\u012btes var piev\\u0113rst uzman\\u012bbu ar smalk\\u0101m smar\\u017e\\u0101m," bilst Viesturs \\u0136erus.\\xa0\\n\\nKlaj\\u0101 n\\u0101cies Eiropas putnu noteic\\u0113js\\n\\nPirmo reizi latvie\\u0161u valod\\u0101 ir izdoda ilustr\\u0101cij\\u0101m bag\\u0101ta putnu v\\u0113ro\\u0161anas rokasgr\\u0101mata - putnu noteic\\u0113js, kas \\u013cauj iepaz\\u012bst visas Eirop\\u0101 m\\u012bto\\u0161\\u0101s putnu sugas. K\\u0101 norit\\u0113ja darbs pie tulko\\u0161anas, k\\u0101 tie aprakst\\u012btas putnu ska\\u0146as un k\\u0101p\\u0113c uz gr\\u0101matas v\\u0101ka ir maz\\u0101 \\u0113rg\\u013ca att\\u0113ls?\\n\\n"\\u0160is viennoz\\u012bm\\u012bgi ir Eiropas putnu bestsellers \\u013coti daudz\\u0101s valod\\u0101s, kur\\u0101s tulkots, bet ar\\u012b latvie\\u0161iem tas b\\u016bs pirmais un galvenais materi\\u0101ls par putniem," t\\u0101 par\\xa0\\xa0gr\\u0101matu, ko klaj\\u0101 laidis uz\\u0146\\u0113mums \\u201eJ\\u0101\\u0146a S\\u0113ta\\u201d,\\xa0\\xa0saka \\u0161\\u012b uz\\u0146\\u0113muma valdes loceklis un gr\\u0101matas izdo\\u0161anas iniciators Mareks Kilups.\\n\\nRuna ir par bro\\u0161\\u0113tu palielu kabatas form\\u0101ta izdevumu, kas popul\\u0101r\\u0101kais un lab\\u0101kais putnu noteic\\u0113js un kop\\u0161\\xa0t\\u0101 pirm\\u0101 izdevuma izn\\u0101k\\u0161anas 1999. gad\\u0101\\xa0\\xa0tas izpeln\\u012bjies pla\\u0161u atzin\\u012bbu daudzu putnu v\\u0113rot\\u0101ju vid\\u016b Eirop\\u0101. Tas tulkots vair\\u0101k nek\\u0101 14 valod\\u0101s, nu tas pieejams ar\\u012b latviski.\\n\\nGr\\u0101mat\\u0101 ir las\\u0101ms apraksts par 720 sug\\u0101m, k\\u0101 ar\\u012b v\\u0113l aprakst\\u012bti daudzi reti\\xa0\\xa0iece\\u013cot\\u0101ji Eirop\\u0101 un saraksts ar maldu viesiem. Katru putnu var apl\\u016bkot att\\u0113los, kl\\u0101t ir apraksts par izskatu un dz\\u012bvesveidu un vietu, un ar\\u012b balss apraksts. K\\u0101 uzrakst\\u012bt putna balsi cilv\\u0113ku valod\\u0101, st\\u0101sta gr\\u0101matas tulkot\\u0101ja El\\u012bna Gulbe.\\n\\nBet\\xa0Mareks Kilups ar\\u012b bilst, ka saist\\u012bb\\u0101 ar \\u0161o gr\\u0101matu ir ieviesusies skaidr\\u012bba vair\\u0101kiem putnu nosaukumiem latvie\\u0161u valod\\u0101. L\\u012bdz\\u0101s nule izdotajam \\u201ePutnu noteic\\u0113jam\\u201d Mareks Kilups ir nolicis ar\\u012b J\\u0101\\u0146a Bauma\\u0146a un P\\u0113tera Bl\\u016bma sast\\u0101d\\u012bto gr\\u0101matu \\u201eLatvijas putni\\u201d, kas n\\u0101kusi klaj\\u0101 1969. gad\\u0101.\\n\\nT\\u0101 k\\u0101 ik gadu Latvij\\u0101 pieaug putnu v\\u0113rot\\u0101ju skaits, j\\u0101dom\\u0101, ka jaun\\u0101 gr\\u0101mata b\\u016bs labs pal\\u012bgs gan amatieriem, gan profesion\\u0101liem daudzveid\\u012bgo lido\\u0146u iepaz\\u012b\\u0161an\\u0101.'