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b'Tik \\u0161\\u0137ietami pierastas izj\\u016btas, k\\u0101 auksts, karsts piesk\\u0101riens vai reakcija, ap\\u0113dot ko asu, l\\u012bdz \\u0161im ir maz p\\u0113t\\u012btas. \\u0160\\u012b gada Nobela pr\\u0113mijas medic\\u012bn\\u0101 laure\\u0101ti ir padzi\\u013cin\\u0101ti m\\u0113\\u0123in\\u0101ju\\u0161i rast skaidr\\u012bbu uz jaut\\u0101jumiem par \\u0161iem fundament\\u0101lajiem procesiem cilv\\u0113ka organism\\u0101. Sagaid\\u0101ms, ka atkl\\u0101jumi \\u0161aj\\u0101 jom\\u0101 dos ar\\u012b praktisku pielietojumu n\\u0101kotn\\u0113. K\\u0101 m\\u016bsu \\u0137ermenis uztver \\u0101r\\u0113jos kairin\\u0101jumus, raid\\u012bjum\\u0101 Zin\\u0101mais nezin\\u0101maj\\u0101 skaidro\\xa0R\\u012bgas Stradi\\u0146a Universit\\u0101tes profesors, Neirolo\\u0123ijas un neiro\\u0137irur\\u0123ijas katedras vad\\u012bt\\u0101js Andrejs Millers.\\n\\nNobela pr\\u0113mija fiziolo\\u0123ij\\u0101 vai medic\\u012bn\\u0101 \\u0161ogad pie\\u0161\\u0137irta diviem ASV zin\\u0101tniekiem, kas atkl\\u0101ja receptorus, ar kuriem cilv\\u0113ki saj\\u016bt siltumu, aukstumu un piesk\\u0101rienus. \\u0160ie atkl\\u0101jumi tiek izmantoti, lai efekt\\u012bv\\u0101k \\u0101rst\\u0113tu hroniskas s\\u0101pes. Nobela pr\\u0113miju sa\\u0146ems profesors Deivids D\\u017euliuss no Kalifornijas Universit\\u0101tes Sanfrancisko un Lib\\u0101n\\u0101 dzimu\\u0161ais profesors Ardems Pataputians no Skripsas p\\u0113t\\u012bjumu instit\\u016bta Kalifornij\\u0101.\\n\\nP\\u0113tnieku sasniegumi mal\\u0101rijas valkc\\u012bnas izstr\\u0101d\\u0113\\n\\nPavisam nesen apstiprin\\u0101t\\u0101 vakc\\u012bna pret mal\\u0101riju nod\\u0113v\\u0113ta par noz\\u012bm\\u012bgu sasniegumu un pav\\u0113rsienu pasaules medc\\u012bnas v\\u0113stur\\u0113. Lai gan vakc\\u012bnas efektivit\\u0101te nav \\u013coti augsta, to uzskata par iesp\\u0113ju, k\\u0101 izvair\\u012bties no smagas saslim\\u0161anas vai pat n\\u0101ves miljoniem cilv\\u0113ku. K\\u0101ds bija zin\\u0101tnieku ce\\u013c\\u0161 l\\u012bdz \\u0161ai vakc\\u012bnai un vai t\\u0101 sp\\u0113s aizst\\u0101t l\\u012bdz\\u0161in\\u0113jos medikamentus?\\xa0\\n\\nMal\\u0101rija ir dz\\u012bv\\u012bbai b\\u012bstama infekcijas slim\\u012bba. To p\\u0101rn\\u0113s\\u0101 mal\\u0101rijas odi, bet saslim\\u0161anu izraisa vien\\u0161\\u016bnis - mal\\u0101rijas plazmodijs. Slim\\u012bbu d\\u0113v\\u0113 par vienu no liel\\u0101kajiem cilv\\u0113ces postiem, un, k\\u0101 att\\u0101lin\\u0101taj\\u0101 sarun\\u0101 nor\\u0101da\\xa0Latvijas Organisk\\u0101s sint\\u0113zes instit\\u016bta direktora vietnieks zin\\u0101tniskaj\\u0101 darb\\u0101, vado\\u0161ais p\\u0113tnieks un zin\\u0101tnisk\\u0101s grupas vad\\u012bt\\u0101js, k\\u0101 ar\\u012b R\\u012bgas Tehnisk\\u0101s universit\\u0101tes profesors Aigars Jirgensons,\\xa0puse no pasaules iedz\\u012bvot\\u0101jiem dz\\u012bvo mal\\u0101rijas end\\u0113miskaj\\u0101s zon\\u0101s. T\\u0101s galvenok\\u0101rt ir \\u0100frikas valstis, kur ik gadu no mal\\u0101rijas mirst simtiem t\\u016bksto\\u0161u cilv\\u0113ku, un t\\u0101pat slim\\u012bba nov\\u0113rojama Dienvidaustrum\\u0101zij\\u0101 un Dienvidamerik\\u0101.\\xa0\\n\\nTiesa, l\\u012bdz \\u0161im jau ir biju\\u0161as da\\u017e\\u0101das metodes c\\u012b\\u0146\\u0101 ar mal\\u0101riju, piem\\u0113ram, mosk\\u012btus atbaido\\u0161i aerosoli, l\\u012bdzek\\u013ci, kas izn\\u012bcina odu vairo\\u0161an\\u0101s vietas, gultas t\\u012bkli, kas mazin\\u0101ju\\u0161i iesp\\u0113ju cilv\\u0113kiem tikt sakostiem, k\\u0101 ar\\u012b \\u0137\\u012bmijterapeitiskie l\\u012bdzek\\u013ci, kas non\\u0101v\\u0113 pa\\u0161u mal\\u0101rijas plazmodiju.\\xa0\\n\\nK\\u0101 pretmal\\u0101rijas z\\u0101\\u013cvielas izmantoti da\\u017e\\u0101di hin\\u012bna atvasin\\u0101jumi. Ta\\u010du tas nav bijis pietiekami c\\u012b\\u0146\\u0101 ar slim\\u012bbu, t\\u0101p\\u0113c tagad pasaul\\u0113 pirm\\u0101 apstiprin\\u0101t\\u0101 vakc\\u012bna pret mal\\u0101riju vie\\u0161 lielu cer\\u012bbu, un to tirgos ar nosaukumu \\u201cMosquirix\\u201d. Ja run\\u0101jam par l\\u012bdz\\u0161in\\u0113j\\u0101m z\\u0101\\u013cviel\\u0101m, tad to saist\\u012bb\\u0101 liel\\u0101kais izaicin\\u0101jums bijis fakts, ka slim\\u012bbas izrais\\u012bt\\u0101js pret t\\u0101m ieg\\u016bst notur\\u012bbu jeb rezistenci.\\n\\nV\\u012brusu vakc\\u012bnu gad\\u012bjum\\u0101 to efektivit\\u0101te b\\u016btu saist\\u012bta ar v\\u012brusa main\\u012bbu, t\\u0101p\\u0113c ir v\\u012brusu izrais\\u012btas saslim\\u0161anas, pret kur\\u0101m vakc\\u012bnu v\\u0113l nav vai ar\\u012b t\\u0101s nav \\u013coti efekt\\u012bvas. Bet, piem\\u0113ram, \\u0161obr\\u012bd aktu\\u0101lais koronav\\u012bruss nav tik \\u013coti main\\u012bgs, t\\u0101p\\u0113c pret Covid-19 saslim\\u0161anu rad\\u012bt\\u0101s vakc\\u012bnas ir ar augstu efektivit\\u0101ti. Kad jaut\\u0101ju, k\\u0101p\\u0113c mal\\u0101rijas vakc\\u012bnas efektivit\\u0101te ir 30-40%, Aigars Jirgensons nor\\u0101da, ka mal\\u0101rijas plazmodijs ir paraz\\u012btisks vien\\u0161\\u016bnis ar \\u013coti sare\\u017e\\u0123\\u012btu dz\\u012bves ciklu, l\\u012bdz ar to izsekot l\\u012bdzi, tie\\u0161i kur\\u0101 br\\u012bd\\u012b ar vakc\\u012bnas pal\\u012bdz\\u012bbu cilv\\u0113ka organism\\u0101 veidotos imunit\\u0101te, ir pats liel\\u0101kais izaicin\\u0101jums. Bet, iesp\\u0113jams, v\\u0113l daudz liel\\u0101ks izaicin\\u0101jums ir nevis pati vakc\\u012bnas efekt\\u012bvit\\u0101te, bet gan komunik\\u0101cijas darbs, lai pan\\u0101ktu to, ka cilv\\u0113ki patie\\u0161\\u0101m sa\\u0146ems \\u010detras vakc\\u012bnas devas.\\n\\nJa run\\u0101jam par Covid-19 vakc\\u012bn\\u0101m, tad j\\u0101min, ka to izstr\\u0101d\\u0113 ieguld\\u012bti v\\u0113sturiski apjom\\u012bg\\u0101kie zin\\u0101tnes, finan\\u0161u un cilv\\u0113kresursi, lai iesp\\u0113jami \\u012bs\\u0101 laik\\u0101 nodro\\u0161in\\u0101tu kvalitat\\u012bvu vakc\\u012bnu izstr\\u0101di. Tiesa, pa\\u0161u vakc\\u012bnu izstr\\u0101d\\u0113 lietot\\u0101s tehnolo\\u0123ijas ir p\\u0113t\\u012btas un att\\u012bst\\u012btas jau gadiem. Aigaram Jirgensonam jaut\\u0101ju, k\\u0101p\\u0113c tas nav bijis iesp\\u0113jams mal\\u0101rijas vakc\\u012bnas gad\\u012bjum\\u0101, lai gan ar\\u012b \\u0161\\u012b saslim\\u0161ana pasaulei at\\u0146em tik daudz dz\\u012bv\\u012bbu.'