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b'\\u0160\\u012b gada Nobela pr\\u0113mija ekonomik\\u0101 pie\\u0161\\u0137irta p\\u0113t\\u012bjumiem par sievie\\u0161u darba dz\\u012bves izmai\\u0146\\u0101m gadsimtu laik\\u0101. K\\u0101 main\\u012bju\\u0161\\u0101s soci\\u0101l\\u0101s normas, trad\\u012bcijas un \\u0123imenes un ko ekonomikai noz\\u012bm\\u0113 sievietes darba tirg\\u016b? Kur ir mekl\\u0113jami c\\u0113lo\\u0146i 21. gadsimta nevienl\\u012bdz\\u012bgajam atalgojumam?\\n\\nNobela pr\\u0113mija ekonomik\\u0101 pie\\u0161\\u0137irta amerik\\u0101\\u0146u ekonomistei Klaudijai Goldinai par p\\u0113t\\u012bjumiem, kas pal\\u012bdz\\u0113ju\\u0161i izprast sievie\\u0161u lomu darba tirg\\u016b. K\\u0101 uzsv\\u0113rusi akad\\u0113mija, tad H\\u0101rvarda universit\\u0101tes profesores Goldinas \\u201cp\\u0113t\\u012bjumi atkl\\u0101j p\\u0101rmai\\u0146u c\\u0113lo\\u0146us, k\\u0101 ar\\u012b galvenos joproj\\u0101m past\\u0101vo\\u0161\\u0101s dzimumu nevienl\\u012bdz\\u012bbas c\\u0113lo\\u0146us\\u201d. Akad\\u0113mijas pazi\\u0146ojum\\u0101 nor\\u0101d\\u012bts, ka Goldinas darbs \\u201csniedzis pirmo visaptvero\\u0161o p\\u0101rskatu par sievie\\u0161u ien\\u0101kumiem un l\\u012bdzdal\\u012bbu darba tirg\\u016b gadsimtu gait\\u0101\\u201d.\\n\\n77 gadus vec\\u0101 Goldina ir tre\\u0161\\u0101 sieviete, kurai pie\\u0161\\u0137irta Nobela pr\\u0113mija ekonomik\\u0101.\\xa0\\n\\nPie k\\u0101diem secin\\u0101jumiem tad Klaudija Goldina non\\u0101kusi un k\\u0101 vi\\u0146as sniegumu v\\u0113rt\\u0113 pa\\u0161m\\u0101ju ekonomisti un citu jomu speci\\u0101listi, raid\\u012bjum\\u0101 Zin\\u0101mais nezin\\u0101maj\\u0101 v\\u0113rt\\u0113 Latvijas Universit\\u0101tes Biznesa, vad\\u012bbas un ekonomikas fakult\\u0101tes lektors M\\u0101rti\\u0146\\u0161 Danus\\u0113vi\\u010ds un R\\u012bgas Stradi\\u0146a universit\\u0101tes ma\\u0123istra studiju programmas \\u201cSoci\\u0101l\\u0101 antropolo\\u0123ija\\u201d lektore un p\\u0113tniece Di\\u0101na Ki\\u0161\\u010denko.\\n\\nKarjeras izaugsmes iesp\\u0113jas kantorist\\u0113m savulaik Latvij\\u0101\\n\\nMa\\u0161\\u012bnrakst\\u012bt\\u0101jas, lietvedes, stenogr\\u0101fistes jeb, k\\u0101 \\u0161is profesijas p\\u0101rst\\u0101ves d\\u0113v\\u0113ja Latvijas pirm\\u0101s br\\u012bvvalsts laik\\u0101, kantoristes - tas bija jauns darbs izgl\\u012btot\\u0101m, ambicioz\\u0101m sieviet\\u0113m ce\\u013c\\u0101 uz karjeru un finansi\\u0101lu neatkar\\u012bbu, t\\u0101, run\\u0101jot par 19. un 20. gadsimta mijas jauno darbu biroju pasaul\\u0113, teic literat\\u016brzin\\u0101tniece Eva Egl\\u0101ja-Kristsone.\\n\\nK\\u0101di pien\\u0101kumi bija j\\u0101veic \\u0161\\u012bm kantorist\\u0113m, k\\u0101ds bija atalgojums un cik augstu pa karjeras k\\u0101pn\\u0113m var\\u0113ja uzk\\u0101pt sekret\\u0101re starpkaru Latvij\\u0101, st\\u0101sta p\\u0113tniece.\\n\\n"Iepriek\\u0161\\u0113j\\u0101\\xa0 pavasar\\u012b re\\u0123istr\\u0113ti ir 2500\\xa0 inteli\\u0123ento bezdarbnieku. No tiem 75 procenti sievietes \\u2013 120\\xa0kantoristes un\\xa0ma\\u0161\\u012bnrakst\\u012bt\\u0101jas un 670 vienk\\u0101r\\u0161u\\xa0kantoristu. Inteli\\u0123entus darba sp\\u0113kus visvair\\u0101k pieprasa priv\\u0101tuz\\u0146\\u0113mumi un mekl\\u0113 gr\\u0101matve\\u017eus, kantoristus un valodu prat\\u0113jus. Tiem ar\\u012b izdodas vietas\\xa0 atrast,\\u201d t\\u0101 1924. gad\\u0101 druk\\u0101ts laikrakst\\u0101 \\u201eLatvis\\u201d.\\n\\n19. un 20. gs. mij\\u0101, s\\u0101koties industri\\u0101lajai revol\\u016bcijai, darba tirg\\u016b par\\u0101d\\u0101s jauna profesija \\u2013 ma\\u0161\\u012bnrakst\\u012bt\\u0101ja. Tika apgalvots, ka sievietes rakst\\u0101mma\\u0161\\u012bnas lieto\\u0161an\\u0101 ir dabiski veikl\\u0101kas nek\\u0101 v\\u012brie\\u0161i, bet iesp\\u0113jams, v\\u0113l svar\\u012bg\\u0101k\\xa0 bija tas, ka sievietes var\\u0113ja nodarbin\\u0101t pa maz\\u0101ku\\xa0 samaksu, teic\\xa0Latvijas Universit\\u0101tes\\xa0literat\\u016bras, folkloras un m\\u0101kslas instit\\u016bta direktore, literat\\u016brzin\\u0101tniece Eva Egl\\u0101ja-Kristsone. Vi\\u0146a st\\u0101sta par tolaik jauno profesiju \\u2013 ma\\u0161\\u012bnrakst\\u012bt\\u0101ju, kam laika gait\\u0101\\xa0 pievienoj\\u0101s citi\\xa0 pien\\u0101kumi\\xa0 lietved\\u012bb\\u0101. \\xa0\\n\\n\\u201eS\\u0113\\u017eu atkal departament\\u0101. Mani pirksti veikli sl\\u012bd p\\u0101r rakst\\u0101mma\\u0161\\u012bnas kauli\\u0146iem. Te nu m\\u0113s esam atkal visas \\u010detras. P\\u0101ri mums kr\\u012bt pap\\u012bru pl\\u016bdi un putek\\u013ci. Vai t\\u0101 ir dz\\u012bve? K\\u0101da lauciniece iemald\\u012bjusies m\\u016bsu istab\\u0101. Kas mums nekai\\u0161ot \\u2013 s\\u0113\\u017eot un blisinot tikai acis. Vi\\u0146ai j\\u0101brienot dub\\u013ci un neesot neviena br\\u012bva br\\u012b\\u017ea. T\\u0101 ir s\\u0101rta un apa\\u013ca sieva. Kaut t\\u0101 zin\\u0101tu, cik skumja ir m\\u016bsu dz\\u012bve! Darbs tie\\u0161\\u0101m nav gr\\u016bts, bet vai tas ir viss, ko cilv\\u0113ks grib no dz\\u012bves?\\u201d\\n\\n\\u0160\\u0101du epizodi no ma\\u0161\\u012bnrakst\\u012bt\\u0101jas ikdienas att\\u0113lo rakstniece Elv\\u012bra Koci\\u0146a 20. gs. 30. gadu otraj\\u0101 pus\\u0113 public\\u0113taj\\u0101 rom\\u0101n\\u0101 \\u201eP\\u0113d\\u0113j\\u0101 laime\\u201d. Lai ar\\u012b darbs nebija nek\\u0101da medusmaize, tom\\u0113r\\xa0 tas noz\\u012bm\\u0113ja kaut k\\u0101du finansi\\u0101lu neatkar\\u012bbu un iesp\\u0113ju tikt augst\\u0101k pa karjeras\\xa0 k\\u0101pn\\u0113m, ja ne profesion\\u0101laj\\u0101 jom\\u0101, tad izdev\\u012bgi apprecoties. Jo \\u012bpa\\u0161i tas attiec\\u0101s uz \\u0101rlietu resoru, kur bie\\u017ei vien par diplom\\u0101tu kundz\\u0113m k\\u013cuva turpat str\\u0101d\\u0101jo\\u0161\\u0101s ma\\u0161\\u012bnrakst\\u012bt\\u0101jas un sekret\\u0101res.'