BROADCASTS.com

b'D\\u0101rzenis, kas ieguvis stabilu vietu Eiropas virtuv\\u0113 un, protams, ar\\u012b latvie\\u0161a viens no m\\u012b\\u013c\\u0101kajiem \\u0113dieniem - kartupelis. K\\u0101 \\u0161is necil\\u0101 paskata nakte\\u0146u dzimtas augs iekaroja eiropie\\u0161u sirdis? Vai tiesa, ka te savu roku kl\\u0101t licis hercogs J\\u0113kabs? Un k\\u0101di politiski skand\\u0101li un soci\\u0101li nemieri saist\\u012bti ar kartupe\\u013ciem Eiropas v\\u0113stur\\u0113? Kartupe\\u013ca st\\u0101stu raid\\u012bjum\\u0101 Zin\\u0101mais nezin\\u0101maj\\u0101 atkl\\u0101j divi kartupe\\u013cu v\\u0113sturisk\\u0101 konteksta p\\u0101rzin\\u0101t\\u0101ji - v\\u0113sturniece, Latvijas Nacion\\u0101l\\u0101 v\\u0113stures muzeja p\\u0113tniecr M\\u0101r\\u012bte Jakov\\u013ceva un v\\u0113sturnieks, Latvijas Nacion\\u0101l\\u0101s bibliot\\u0113kas vado\\u0161ais p\\u0113tnieks M\\u0101rti\\u0146\\u0161 Mintaurs.\\n\\nKartupelis, kas tik daudzos un da\\u017e\\u0101dos veidos pa\\u0161laik k\\u013cuvis par b\\u016btisku m\\u016bsu \\u0113dienkartes sast\\u0101vda\\u013cu, v\\u0113stur\\u0113 nog\\u0101jis garu ce\\u013cu, lai visp\\u0101r sasniegtu Eiropu un Latviju fiziski, bet p\\u0113c tam iekarotu ar\\u012b zemnieku sirdis. V\\u0113sture atg\\u0101dina, ka zemnieki pretoju\\u0161ies mui\\u017enieku \\u201ceksperimentiem\\u201d ieviest \\u0161\\u0101du jaunu kult\\u016bru un ka saist\\u012bb\\u0101 ar kartupe\\u013ciem gan Latvijas teritorij\\u0101, gan citviet notiku\\u0161i nemieri.\\n\\n18. gadsimta nogal\\u0113 Krievijas imp\\u0113riju, kur\\u0101 taj\\u0101 laik\\u0101 ietilpst ar\\u012b Latvijas teritorija, skar r\\u012bkojumi par kartupe\\u013cu audz\\u0113\\u0161anu un lieto\\u0161anu p\\u0101rtik\\u0101. Zemnieki s\\u0101kotn\\u0113ji, protams, bija j\\u0101pierun\\u0101 un vi\\u0146iem j\\u0101paskaidro, cik laba lieta ir kartupelis, lai izvair\\u012btos no bada.\\n\\nM\\u0101rti\\u0146\\u0161 Mintaurs nor\\u0101da, ka kartupe\\u013cu audz\\u0113\\u0161anu un izplat\\u012b\\u0161anos veicin\\u0101ja ar\\u012b tas, ka nav vajadz\\u012bgs t\\u0101ds invent\\u0101rs, k\\u0101 lab\\u012bbas audz\\u0113\\u0161anai. Nevajag ne arklu, ne zirgu, t\\u0101p\\u0113c tas k\\u013c\\u016bst ar pietic\\u012bg\\u0101ku roc\\u012bbu dz\\u012bvojo\\u0161u cilv\\u0113ku iztikas l\\u012bdzekli.\\n\\n"Faktiski tiek uzskat\\u012bts, ka par stabilu lauksaimniec\\u012bbas kult\\u016bru Latvij\\u0101 kartupe\\u013ci k\\u013c\\u016bst 19. gadsimta 40. gados, savuk\\u0101rt 20. gadsimta s\\u0101kum\\u0101 p\\u0113c t\\u0101 laika statistikas datiem visvair\\u0101k kartupe\\u013cus trij\\u0101s Baltijas provinc\\u0113s - Kurzem\\u0113, Vidzem\\u0113 un Igaunij\\u0101 - audz\\u0113 tie\\u0161i Zieme\\u013cigaunij\\u0101, tas ir m\\u016bsdienu Tallinas apk\\u0101rtn\\u0113," atk\\u0101j M\\u0101rti\\u0146\\u0161 Mintaurs.\\n\\n\\n"20. gadsimta s\\u0101kum\\u0101, kad jau ir ap 2000 kartupe\\u013cu \\u0161\\u0137irnes zin\\u0101mas, tad kartupe\\u013cus iedala trij\\u0101s da\\u013c\\u0101s: ir galda kartupe\\u013ci, kurus lieto p\\u0101rtik\\u0101; ir fabriku kartupe\\u013ci, tas noz\\u012bm\\u0113, ka \\u0161\\u012bs \\u0161\\u0137irnes tiek izmantotas spirta ra\\u017eo\\u0161anai un kartupe\\u013cu miltu jeb st\\u0113r\\u0137eles ra\\u017eo\\u0161anai; ir t\\u0101 saucamie bar\\u012bbas kartupe\\u013ci vai lopu kartupe\\u013ci."\\n\\n\\n20. gadsimta s\\u0101kum\\u0101 ir piemin\\u0113ts ar\\u012b t\\u0101ds briesm\\u012bgs zv\\u0113rs k\\u0101 kartupe\\u013cu kukainis jeb kolorado vabole, kas bija atce\\u013cojusi uz Eiropu no Amerikas p\\u0113c t\\u0101 laika datiem ap 1877. gadu.\\n\\nNakte\\u0146u dzimtas augi Latvij\\u0101\\n\\nIr vai nav ind\\u012bgi nakte\\u0146u dzimtas augi, kas no \\u0161\\xad\\u012bs dzimtas aug Latvij\\xad\\u0101 un no kuriem nakte\\u0146u p\\u0101rst\\u0101vjiem ieteicams uzman\\u012bties, st\\u0101sta Latvijas Nacion\\u0101\\xadl\\u0101 dabas muzeja Bot\\u0101nikas noda\\u013cas vec\\u0101k\\u0101 bot\\xad\\u0101ni\\u0137e Janta Me\\u017ea.\\n\\nPie nakte\\u0146u dzimtas pieder lakstaugi un nelieli kr\\u016bmi, kuru \\u0101r\\u0113j\\u0101s paz\\u012bmes ir mekl\\u0113jamas to ziedos - t\\u0101s ir pa pieci kop\\u0101 saaugu\\u0161as kauslapas un vainaglapas. Pasaul\\u0113 ir zin\\u0101ms ap 2700 nakte\\u0146u sug\\u0101m. Latvij\\u0101 no t\\u0101m ir sastopamas 12 sugas un to vid\\u016b tikai bebruk\\u0101rkli\\u0146\\u0161 un meln\\u0101 naktene ir m\\u016bsu viet\\u0113jie augi, p\\u0101r\\u0113jie ir t\\u0101 d\\u0113v\\u0113tie kult\\u016brb\\u0113g\\u013ci jeb savulaik d\\u0101rzos ieaudz\\u0113tas\\xa0 sugas, kas laika gait\\u0101 izplat\\u012bju\\u0161ies savva\\u013c\\u0101.\\n\\n\\u0160aj\\u0101 dzimt\\u0101 ir sastopami daudz ind\\u012bgi augi, un tie\\u0161i t\\u0101p\\u0113c nereti gan taut\\u0101, gan pla\\u0161sazi\\u0146as l\\u012bdzek\\u013cos var dzird\\u0113t apgalvojumus, ka kartupe\\u013cus, saldos piparus vai tom\\u0101tus lietot p\\u0101rtik\\u0101 ir kait\\u012bgi, jo \\u0161ie augi pieder pie nakte\\u0146u dzimtas.\\xa0 Sarun\\u0101 bot\\xad\\u0101ni\\u0137i Jantu Me\\u017eu skaidrojam, kuri nakte\\u0146u dzimtas augi ir ind\\u012bgi un cik liel\\u0101 m\\u0113r\\u0101, bet pirms tam kop\\u0101 ar bot\\u0101ni\\u0137i m\\u0113\\u0123in\\u0101m tikt skaidr\\u012bb\\u0101 par \\u0161\\u012bs dzimtas nosaukumu, kas lat\\u012b\\u0146u valod\\u0101 n\\u0101k v\\u0101rda saule, bet latviski tas nor\\u0101da uz dienas da\\u013cu, kad sauli pie debes\\u012bm neredzam.'