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In episode 74, we speak with one of the leading researchers on how women\u2019s physiology influences optimal training and performance.\n\nThere has been a long history of gender-neutralizing sports science. Money in sports science research is tight, and physiologists often assume they don\u2019t have the resources to study male-female differences. We\u2019ll address later in the show why that \u201cadded expense\u201d assumption isn\u2019t true, but the more important issue is that most research is conducted on men and then generalized to women.\n\nThe problem is that women are not just small men. Now that sports science research is being conducted specifically on women, we are discovering, not surprisingly, that men and women don\u2019t have the same physiology. And what works for men doesn\u2019t always work for women.\n\nDr. Stacy Sims has been leading a surge in research on women athletes. Her book "Roar" takes a deep dive into female physiology and how it impacts training. There\u2019s a wealth of knowledge in the book \u2013 far too much to address in a single episode \u2013 but today we'll focus on a few of its key points, including:\n\n- Stacy Sim\u2019s background, and how she became a leader in women\u2019s sport\u2019s physiologyWhy the \u201cshrink it and pink it\u201d approach to women\u2019s sports research doesn\u2019t work \u2013 optimal performance means tailoring training to the female physiology\n- How the menstrual cycle affects both training and performance, and why some types of training can be very effective at certain times during the month and relatively ineffective at others\n- Why all female athletes should track their cycle and learn how it impacts their training \u2013 there's a very real physiological explanation why you sometimes get on the bike and just can\u2019t put out the power\n- Why women often need more protein for recoveryThe impact of birth control pills, and why the very common practice of giving athletes the pill may be misguided\n- Why research has too often ignored these questions, and why that actually presents a big opportunity for coaches and physiologists\n- Finally, Dr. Sims will offer advice specific to both masters and junior female athletes\n\nOur primary guest today is, of course, Dr. Stacy Sims. Many of you know her as the founder of Osmo and one of the founders of Skratch Labs. But her research has always focused on the physiology of female athletes and her book "Roar" is a must-read.\n\nIn addition to Stacy, we also talk with Brent Bookwalter, a WorldTour pro with Michelton-Scott. His wife is an ex-professional cyclist and we discuss how their training regimens differ.\n\nFinally, Chris speaks with Ruth Winder, a top pro with Trek-Segefredo and winner of the 2017 Redlands Classic. Ruth had some insights on how the length of women\u2019s races affects race dynamics and, more importantly, as a big fan of Stacy\u2019s book, how understanding the science specific to women has helped her training.\n\nAnd one final note: We know that the majority of Fast Talk listeners are male. But before you say, \u201cSo much for this week\u2019s episode,\u201d we encourage you to listen in. Dr. Sims does a great job of explaining this complex subject. And as she points out later in this episode, just about every one of us has a wife, daughter, sister, or a female training partner. This is a sport that\u2019s about helping one another out and you can\u2019t help if you don\u2019t understand.