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Shermer and Strevens discuss: irrationality and how it drives science \\u2022 the scientific method \\u2022 the knowledge machine \\u2022 irrationality \\u2022 the replication crisis, what caused it, and what to do about it \\u2022 verification vs. falsification \\u2022 the iron rule of explanation \\u2022 Bayesian reasoning vs. falsification \\u2022 climate/evolution skeptics \\u2022 model dependent realism \\u2022 morality \\u2022 humanism \\u2022 theistic arguments for: God, origin of life, morality, consciousness \\u2022 known knowns, known unknowns, and unknown unknowns \\u2022 Why should we believe Anthony Fauci? \\u2022 how to evaluate media sources of science.

If is science so powerful why did it take so long \\u2014 two thousand years after the invention of philosophy and mathematics \\u2014 for the human race to start using science to learn the secrets of the universe? Philosopher of science Michael Strevens argues that science came about only once thinkers stumbled upon the astonishing idea that scientific breakthroughs could be accomplished by breaking the rules of logical argument. Using a plethora of vivid historical examples, Strevens demonstrates that scientists willfully ignore religion, theoretical beauty, and even philosophy to embrace a constricted code of argument whose very narrowness channels unprecedented energy into empirical observation and experimentation. Strevens calls this scientific code the iron rule of explanation, and reveals the way in which the rule, precisely because it is unreasonably close-minded, overcomes individual prejudices to lead humanity inexorably toward the secrets of nature.

Michael Strevens, a 2017 Guggenheim Fellow, is a professor of philosophy at New York University. He was born in New Zealand and has been writing about philosophy of science for twenty-five years. He lives in New York.