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The year 2022 was jam-packed with advances in artificial intelligence, from the release of image generators like DALL-E 2 and text generators like Cicero to a flurry of developments in the self-driving car industry. And then, on November 30, OpenAI released ChatGPT, arguably the smartest, funniest, most humanlike chatbot to date.\n\nIn the weeks since, ChatGPT has become an internet sensation. If you\u2019ve spent any time on social media recently, you\u2019ve probably seen screenshots of it describing Karl Marx\u2019s theory of surplus value in the style of a Taylor Swift song or explaining how to remove a sandwich from a VCR in the style of the King James Bible. There are hundreds of examples like that.\n\nBut amid all the hype, I wanted to give voice to skepticism: What is ChatGPT actually doing? Is this system really as \u201cintelligent\u201d as it can sometimes appear? And what are the implications of unleashing this kind of technology at scale?\n\nGary Marcus is an emeritus professor of psychology and neural science at N.Y.U. who has become one of the leading voices of A.I. skepticism. He\u2019s not \u201canti-A.I.\u201d; in fact, he\u2019s founded multiple A.I. companies himself. But Marcus is deeply worried about the direction current A.I. research is headed, and even calls the release of ChatGPT A.I.\u2019s \u201cJurassic Park moment.\u201d \u201cBecause such systems contain literally no mechanisms for checking the truth of what they say,\u201d Marcus writes, \u201cthey can easily be automated to generate misinformation at unprecedented scale.\u201d\n\nHowever, Marcus also believes that there\u2019s a better way forward. In the 2019 book \u201cRebooting A.I.: Building Artificial Intelligence We Can Trust\u201d Marcus and his co-author Ernest Davis outline a path to A.I. development built on a very different understanding of what intelligence is and the kinds of systems required to develop that intelligence. And so I asked Marcus on the show to unpack his critique of current A.I. systems and what it would look like to develop better ones.\n\nThis episode contains strong language.\n\nMentioned:\n\n\u201cOn Bullshit\u201d by Harry Frankfurt\n\n\u201cAI\u2019s Jurassic Park moment\u201d by Gary Marcus\n\n\u201cDeep Learning Is Hitting a Wall\u201d by Gary Marcus\n\nBook Recommendations:\n\nThe Language Instinct by Steven Pinker\n\nHow the World Really Works by Vaclav Smil\n\nThe Martian by Andy Weir\n\nThoughts? Email us at ezrakleinshow@nytimes.com. Guest suggestions? Fill out this form.\n\nYou can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of \u201cThe Ezra Klein Show\u201d at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast, and you can find Ezra on Twitter @ezraklein. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.\n\n\u201cThe Ezra Klein Show\u201d is produced by Emefa Agawu, Annie Galvin, Jeff Geld, Rog\xe9 Karma and Kristin Lin. Fact-checking by Mary Marge Locker and Kate Sinclair. Original music by Isaac Jones. Mixing by Jeff Geld and Sonia Herrero. Audience strategy by Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion audio is Annie-Rose Strasser.