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When people go into the prison system, our team encourages them to go in with their eyes wide open. When Michael began serving his sentence, back in 1987, he was 23 years old and didn\u2019t understand a thing. As a result of not understanding what would follow, he made a series of decisions during the earliest stages that complicated his journey. Similarly, as explained in Lessons from Prison, Justin didn\u2019t have any idea about how prisons operated or what steps he could take to grow at the start. The more we know about the system, the more we empower ourselves to make good decisions, given the resources available to us.

We\u2019d like to think that everything will proceed well. In reality, we\u2019re entering a system where things don\u2019t always go as we\u2019d like. Sometimes, the atmosphere of imprisonment presents us with problems and challenges. It\u2019s not always within our power to change the situation, but we always have the ability to decide how we\u2019re going to adjust.

Problems within the system itself may complicate a person\u2019s life in prison. In the previous module, we offered a glance at the staff hierarchy that operates each prison. If disputes arise, staff members prefer that we try to resolve them informally at the appropriate staff level. In other words, if a person has been assigned to a job that he didn\u2019t like, he shouldn\u2019t go complaining to the warden. An alternative may exist, like taking the grievance to the job supervisor or to the counselor.

When people cannot resolve grievances with a staff member, policy requires that they use the Administrative Remedy Process.

The Administrative Remedy Process offers staff members in the BOP an opportunity to review a prisoner\u2019s grievance. Sometimes the grievance is serious and a request for judicial relief is appropriate. But in most cases, people must exhaust their administrative remedy options before they can seek redress through the courts.

People in prison do not have a right to counsel through the Administrative Remedy Process. For that reason, they should learn how to prepare the grievance. It\u2019s a plain-English complaint, but like everything else in prison, it\u2019s crucial to respect the process\u2014complying with timelines and submitting the appropriate number of copies and so forth. In any prison, there will be people in the law library that would be willing to help file the grievance.

Informal Resolution:

The first step in the Administrative Remedy Process is called Informal Resolution. This step does not require paperwork, but it\u2019s wise to keep a journal, or notes of every step taken.

Staff members expect a person to make an attempt to resolve the matter with a simple conversation or request. If the problem persists, whatever it may be, the prisoner should then turn to his counselor for assistance.

The counselor will ask for an explanation and a description of efforts to resolve the problem informally. If the matter isn\u2019t resolved informally, the counselor should issue a BP-8 form, which is the first stage of the written procedure.

All of the forms are basic. The BP-8 requests a prisoner:

• To state the problem,
• To describe the efforts made to resolve the problem, and
• To describe relief he seeks.

The form doesn\u2019t offer much space. Limit each request for remedy to one single issue. Keep a copy of the request because it will be necessary when filing the appeal. Once complete, pass the form to the counselor. The counselor should document attempts to resolve the matter, staff-to-staff. A person should expect a written response to his BP-8 from his counselor within a week.

BP-9:

If the response does not resolve the problem, and the individual wants to continue to the next stage in the process, the prisoner should request a BP-9. The BP-9 elevates the level of the grievance to the warden\u2019s level. It would be na\xefve to believe that the warden will review or even consider every grievance. Ordinarily, expect the warden to designate someone on his or her staff to respond to the BP-9 complaint. The warden may sign the response and the counselor will deliver a copy to the prisoner.

BP-10:

A prisoner who believes the warden\xa0has denied his request for relief inappropriately may pursue the matter to the next level through a BP-10 form. The counselor will provide the form.

The BP-10 is basically the same as the BP-9. It\u2019s an intermediate appeal that a person should send to the regional director. As with any other appeal, the prisoner can only raise issues the same issues that he presented to the warden. He is appealing the warden\u2019s decision, basically saying that the warden\u2019s response was wrong\u2014in violation of the prison system\u2019s policies or in some way in violation of the prisoner\u2019s rights.

BP-10 Sensitive:

If the inmate is raising a complaint of a sensitive nature, like one that may involve the warden directly, or other staff members, the prisoner may request a \u201cSensitive BP-10.\u201d In this instance, the prisoner can file his request for administrative relief directly to the regional office. But the complaint must be truly sensitive to pursue this route.

BP-11:

Finally, if a person doesn\u2019t receive the relief requested from the regional director, he may file a BP-11. This is the last stage of the administrative-remedy process. Prisoners should send their BP-11, with supporting documentation, to the BOP headquarters in Washington, DC.

Procedures:

Bureaucratic procedures require people in prison to file their grievances in a timely manner. If they miss deadlines, staff members will move to dismiss the complaints as being out of time.

• BP-9: Must file within 20 days following the date on which the basis for the request occurred.
• BP-10: Must file within 20 days following the date on which the warden returned his response.
• BP-11: File with the general counsel at BOP Headquarters within 30 days of the date that he received the response from the regional director.

Rules permit people in prison to assist each other on all legal matters.

After exhausting the administrative process, if the person continues to feel as if the prison system is violating his rights, he may file a complaint in the federal district court.\xa0

We advise people to choose their battles carefully. When it comes to military strategy, a wise general willingly loses a few battles for the higher goal of winning the war. We can learn from military strategists. If a person in prison expects to experience some discomfort, he may have a higher tolerance and strong enough mindset to let some grievances slide.

Discretion and Critical-Thinking:

Staff members form close relationships with each other. They can easily prevail upon their relationships with colleagues to make life uncomfortable for a person in prison. People that develop reputations for filing frivolous (or not so frivolous) complaints can make a bad situation worse. They can lose access to visiting, to telephone, to email. Staff members may lock a person in Special Housing for an administrative investigation. They may transfer a person across state lines.

It\u2019s crucial to remember that when judges sentence people in federal court, they say:

• \u201cI hereby sentence you to the custody of the attorney general.\u201d

At that point, from the system\u2019s perspective, the person has become an inmate. BOP staff members have enormous discretion. They have enormous power over the life of a human being.

For this reason, we advise people to go through prison as a submarine. We want them to travel beneath the surface, avoiding problems at all costs. Like a submarine, keep the periscope up to know what\u2019s going on in the area. But be silent and safe, avoiding problems with both staff and others. Avoiding complications is the best way to get through a prison term successfully.

Our team advises people to use discretion and critical-thinking skills when it comes to filing a request relief through the Administrative Remedy Process. Prison is different from the judicial system. Rights to discovery do not exist and people in prison do not have a right to cross examine accusers or witnesses during the administrative-remedy process. In some cases, it\u2019s necessary to file administrative remedy procedures in order to advance to the federal judicial system. But more often than not, administrative-remedy is a losing proposition and it\u2019s best to let the grievance slide.

In our online course, we offer commentary and analysis of administrative remedy processes that have one wrong and that have gone right.