Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.30.228098v1?rss=1 Authors: Gaviglio, E. A., Peralta Ramos, J. M., Arroyo, D. S., Bussi, C., Iribarren, P., Rodriguez-Galan, M. C. Abstract: The development of neuroinflammation, as well as the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases, has been associated with the activation and mobilization of the peripheral immune system due to systemic inflammation. However, the mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. Herein, we addressed the effect of systemic, endotoxin-free induced-co-expression of IL-12 and IL-18 in the establishment of a novel cytokine-mediated model of neuroinflammation. Following peripheral hydrodynamic shear of IL-12 plus IL-18 cDNAs in C57BL/6 mice, we induced systemic and persistent level of IL-12, which in turn promoted the elevation of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF- and IFN-{gamma}, accompanied with splenomegaly. Moreover, even though we identified an increased gene expression of both TNF- and IFN-{gamma} in the brain, only TNF- was shown to be dispensable, revealing an IFN-{gamma}-dependent activation of microglia and the recruitment of leukocytes, particularly of highly activated inflammatory monocytes. Taken together, our results argue for a systemic cytokine-mediated establishment and development of neuroinflammation, having identified IFN-{gamma} as a potential target for immunotherapy. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info