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Just how similar are the Baltic States to one another?\xa0 Not as much as one might think.
The Baltic States are Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.\xa0 For starters all three speak different languages and they can\u2019t understand each other.\xa0 The Latvian and Lithuanian languages were the same language many hundreds of years ago, but not today.\xa0 The Estonian language is completely different;\xa0 it\u2019s related to the language of Finland or Finnish.
The Estonians and Latvians are mostly Protestant Christians but the Lithuanians are overwhelmingly Roman Catholic.\xa0 The Lithuanian people are also considered to be the warmest and friendliest people of the three nation region.
And by the way, any time somebody says Lithuania is a small country\u2026just gently remind them it\u2019s not that small, it is, after all, larger than Switzerland.
For quite a few lessons to come, we\u2019re going to be going through all the ins and outs of the genitive case or kilmininkas.\xa0 After we finish this series of episodes you should be a real pro at this declension.
In theory anyway.
As we touched on in episode 0022, when we use the word \u201cfrom" or i\u0161 we need to use kilmininkas.
So, let\u2019s take the word \u201cEngland" or Anglija.\xa0 This is the nominative case or vardininkas.\xa0 The word for England in kilmininkas is Anglijos.
If we say \u201cfrom England" we say i\u0161 Anglijos.\xa0 Remember that dictionaries use vardininkas or the nominative case.\xa0 So, you will find Anglija in a dictionary but you won\u2019t find Anglijos.
Lithuanian nouns are either masculine or feminine.\xa0 In the nominative, feminine nouns mostly end in either \u2013a or \u2013\u0117.
Feminine nouns that end in \u2013a change to \u2013os.
Feminine nouns that end in \u2013\u0117 change to \u2013\u0117s.
We also use the genitive case or kilmininkas when we talk about possession, such as, Raminta\u2019s book, Sandra\u2019s name, or Lithuania\u2019s capital.\xa0 You can also look at it as the book of Raminta, the name of Sandra or the capital of Lithuania.
For today\u2019s lesson we\u2019ll only focus on feminine nouns.
So, let\u2019s start off with Raminta\u2019s book.\xa0 The word for book is knyga.
The \u2013a at the end of Raminta changes to \u2013os.\xa0 So, Raminta\u2019s book translates as Ramintos knyga.
Please repeat and say the Lithuanian \u2013 Out Loud\u2026 Pra\u0161om pakartoti\u2026

Raminta\u2019s book\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0
Ramintos knyga

Sandra\u2019s book\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0
Sandros knyga

Aust\u0117ja\u2019s book\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0
Aust\u0117jos knyga

Kristina\u2019s book\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0
Kristinos knyga

Great, now let\u2019s do some nouns that end in \u2013\u0117.
Here are some female names in Lithuanian in kilmininkas.
Please repeat\u2026 Pra\u0161om pakartoti\u2026

Egl\u0117 changes to Egl\u0117s
Agn\u0117 changes to Agn\u0117s
Dovil\u0117 changes to Dovil\u0117s
Ramun\u0117 changes to Ramun\u0117s

So, please repeat\u2026

Egl\u0117\u2019s book\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0
Egl\u0117s knyga

Agn\u0117\u2019s book\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0
Agn\u0117s knyga

Dovil\u0117\u2019s book\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0
Dovil\u0117s knyga

Ramun\u0117\u2019s book\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0
Ramun\u0117s knyga

Alright, study hard because on the next lesson we\u2019ll dig even deeper into kilmininkas and it\u2019ll be a more challenging lesson. To see Raminta's article in the newspaper Amerikos Lietuvis, go here:\xa0http://www.alietuvis.com/391/vakaru_lt.html