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b'Episode 16 Our minds are conditioned for closure rather than openness; this affects how we lead others, how we follow others, and how we judge others. On any given day, how many thoughts (could be a belief, an assumption, a conclusion, a judgment) are derived from information that we were given, information that we took on face value without running that information by the tools of philosophical thought? I would argue, many. Now, apply this same question over one\\u2019s lifetime. \\n\\nFrom an early age, our minds are programmed, conditioned by others: their wisdom or lack of wisdom it matters not. We are programmed and conditioned by informal and formal structures: norms and ideology, gangs, prisons, the media, our parents, crazy uncle Bob, school systems, politicians and academics, social media, religious institutions, courts, and law enforcement entities. Each of these formal and informal structures is defined, in part or totally, by power and authority, led by people with power and authority. We are told what\'s right and what\'s wrong, how to act and behave, and what values are important. In many cases, this is a good thing: human rights, laws, religious codes of conduct, or general wisdom guide one\'s conduct and keeps one on the straight and narrow. In other cases, conflicts may arise between one\'s beliefs and the beliefs of power structures. What then? Does the mind stay open, or does the mind close?\\n\\nWe must separate the argument that a certain power structure is good or bad and the discussion that power structures influence our values and beliefs. It is the latter discussion that we are focused on: how these power structures form the basis for our cognitive biases and belief systems, which in turn can keep our minds closed to new information. \\n\\nIn this episode, we also explore the idea of the "panopticon" using thoughts from Brown University\'s Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology & the Ancient World. Link here:\\n\\nhttps://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/13things/7121.html \\n\\nSeason One: Foundations of Leadosophy Leadosophy is the fusion of leadership and philosophy. We use philosophical thought to deepen our understanding of leadership, together.'