Is Liberalism Obsolete? With Francis Fukuyama and John Gray
Following the fall of communism in 1989, American political scientist\xa0Francis\xa0Fukuyama\xa0shot to fame with his thesis about the \u2018end of history\u2019 \u2013 the idea that the entire world was set on a path towards universal liberalism.\xa0But 30 years on, liberalism is under attack from both the Right and the Left \u2013 and from Vladimir Putin\u2019s Russia. Professor\xa0Fukuyama\xa0was joined in conversation by\xa0John Gray, the British political philosopher, who rejects the idea of a universal momentum towards liberal values and human progress. Despite the view of many that the Russian invasion of Ukraine marks the end of the post-Cold War era,\xa0Fukuyama\xa0believes that it is a wake-up call for the West to rekindle the spirit of 1989, while Gray holds that the idea that liberalism will ever triumph is a mirage. Chairing the discussion is the journalist, author and broadcaster, Helen Lewis.\nLearn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices