The\xa0French invasion of Russia, known in Russia as the\xa0Patriotic War of 1812\xa0(Russian:\xa0\u041e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 1812 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430,\xa0romanized:\xa0Otechestvennaya voyna 1812 goda) and in France as the\xa0Russian campaign\xa0(French:\xa0Campagne de Russie), began on 24 June 1812 when\xa0Napoleon's\xa0Grande Arm\xe9e\xa0crossed the\xa0Neman River\xa0in an attempt to engage and defeat the\xa0Russian Army.[15]\xa0Napoleon hoped to compel the\xa0Emperor of All Russia,\xa0Alexander I, to cease trading with\xa0British\xa0merchants through proxies in an effort to pressure the\xa0United Kingdom\xa0to sue for peace.[16]\xa0The official political aim of the campaign was to liberate\xa0Poland\xa0from the threat of Russia. Napoleon named the campaign the\xa0Second Polish War\xa0to gain favor with the Poles and to provide a political pretext for his actions.[17]
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