Frederick Douglass\xa0(born\xa0Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, c. February 1817[a]\xa0\u2013 February 20, 1895) was an American\xa0social reformer,\xa0abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. After escaping from\xa0slavery\xa0in\xa0Maryland, he became a national leader of the\xa0abolitionist movement\xa0in\xa0Massachusetts\xa0and\xa0New York, becoming famous for his oratory[5]\xa0and incisive\xa0antislavery\xa0writings. Accordingly, he was described by abolitionists in his time as a living counterexample to slaveholders' arguments that slaves lacked the intellectual capacity to function as independent American citizens.[6][7]\xa0Likewise,\xa0Northerners\xa0at the time found it hard to believe that such a great orator had once been a slave.[8]
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