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It might be an understatement to say that China has a difficult relationship with drugs. Most infamously, the Opium Wars of the 1800s saw British soldiers fight against the Qing dynasty to protect the British right to sell opium to China. When the Qing lost, it wasn\\u2019t just the sobriety of their people that they lost \\u2013 but a series of ports, concessions and reparations signed away in so-called \\u2018unequal treaties\\u2019. Hong Kong was lost to the British at this point, and it\\u2019s where the Chinese mark the start of the century of humiliation.

The memory and trauma of opium addiction is still bound up with national decline in the Chinese conscience.

So imagine my surprise to read about widespread drug use (especially ketamine) in the early 2000s in a recent article by the translator and writer Dylan Levi King. Dylan joins this episode, and we talk about what the popularity of ket says about China\'s reform and opening, how the Chinese see drug abuse as a disease than a crime, and President Xi\'s moralistic clampdown on the party scene in the years since.